by admin | Nov 29, 2024 | Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Multiple Sclerosis, Neural Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can take different forms: relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). In RRMS, symptoms flare up and then ease, largely due to inflammation, and there are many therapies to manage these relapses. In SPMS and PPMS, the disease gradually progresses without relapses, leading to accumulating disability. Treatments for these progressive forms are limited, and the therapies available are generally less effective than for RRMS.
In this study, Harris et al. explores the use of stem cell-based treatment, specifically mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors (MSC-NPs), for people with progressive MS.
MSC-NPs are cells derived from a patient’s own bone marrow and have potential regenerative and immune-modulating effects. Early research suggests that MSC-NPs can provide beneficial effects in animal models of MS.
This clinical trial was initiated to test the safety and early efficacy of MSC-NPs when injected directly into the spinal fluid of patients with progressive MS. Specifically, Harris et al. wanted to see if these patients would experience fewer or slower disease-related declines after receiving repeated injections of MSC-NPs.
Evaluating Safety and Early Efficacy Trends
According to the authors, this study found that repeated injections of MSC-NPs were generally safe. Over the two-year follow-up period, no serious side effects were reported by any of the patients. A minor headache was reported by one patient, which did not require treatment, and some other minor issues were reported but were deemed unrelated to the study treatment.
This confirms the long-term safety of MSC-NPs, which is critical as cell therapies become more widely tested for neurological diseases like MS.
While Harris et al.’s study was not designed to determine whether MSC-NPs were definitively effective, some additional trends were observed:
- Patients with lower levels of disability at the start of the study tended to show more improvement in their mobility and overall functioning than those with higher disability scores.
- Most patients who benefited were those who could still walk when they started the trial, suggesting MSC-NP therapy might be more effective in people with less advanced disability.
- Of the three patients with primary progressive MS, two showed stable disability scores over the two years following treatment. However, the sample size was too small to draw firm conclusions on its effects in PPMS compared to SPMS.
While these findings are promising, the study has significant limitations. With only 20 patients, the study was too small to determine definitive efficacy, so a larger, placebo-controlled trial is necessary to confirm any potential benefits of MSC-NPs.
Additionally, the open-label design, where both patients and researchers knew who was receiving the treatment, could mean that some effects may have resulted from a placebo response rather than the treatment itself. Furthermore, the therapy may be more effective for patients with lower disability scores, but more research is required to identify which patients are the most suitable candidates for MSC-NP treatment.
Future Directions for MSC-NP Therapy in Progressive MS
Harris et al.’s study has laid the groundwork for further research by establishing MSC-NPs as a safe treatment option over a two-year period. Based on these findings, a larger Phase II trial is underway, involving 50 patients who will receive MSC-NP injections or a placebo over an extended period. This trial will be double-blinded (neither patients nor researchers will know who is receiving the treatment) to give more definitive answers about MSC-NP’s effects on progressive MS.
In summary, MSC-NPs appear to be a safe treatment option for people with progressive MS, with some early evidence suggesting potential benefits in reducing disability for those with less advanced disease. These findings contribute to the understanding of cell-based therapies in MS and support further exploration of MSC-NPs in larger, controlled studies. While MSC-NPs offer hope for future therapies, the authors call for more rigorous research to clarify their impact on long-term disease progression and patient quality of life.
Source: Harris VK, Stark JW, Yang S, Zanker S, Tuddenham J, Sadiq SA. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors in progressive MS: Two-year follow-up of a phase I study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Dec 4;8(1):e928. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000928. PMID: 33277427; PMCID: PMC7738177.
by admin | Nov 8, 2024 | Multiple Sclerosis, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) has long posed a challenge due to its lack of effective treatments that target both the immune system and nerve health. In contrast to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), PMS is marked by a steady progression of disability, for which neuroprotection and immunomodulation are critical. Recent studies in animals have shown promise with neural precursor cell (NPC) transplants, which appear to protect and repair nervous tissue.
The primary objective of Genchi et al.’s STEMS study was to assess if hfNPC transplantation is feasible and safe for patients with PMS. hfNPCs, derived from human fetal cells, can potentially repair damaged nervous tissue by releasing molecules that support nerve growth and reduce inflammation.
Safety and Tolerability of hfNPC
The study’s main focus was safety, particularly looking for severe adverse reactions linked to hfNPCs. At the two-year mark, no serious adverse events were attributed to the treatment, supporting the idea that hfNPC therapy is safe and well-tolerated for this patient group. Although mild or moderate side effects occurred in some patients, no cases were related directly to the hfNPCs. While one patient experienced a relapse of their MS symptoms, the authors point out that this was likely due to prior treatments rather than the experimental cell therapy.
Some patients developed new MRI-visible brain lesions, although these were not linked to clinical relapses and appeared to be part of the typical progression of PMS.
While mild side effects occurred, hfNPC treatment did not produce any severe or unexpected safety concerns in this preliminary trial.
Potential Benefits of hfNPC Treatment
In addition to the safety findings, this study provided early signs that hfNPCs might benefit brain health in PMS. Patients receiving the highest dose of hfNPCs showed lower rates of brain atrophy, or brain tissue loss, compared to typical progression rates. Brain atrophy is common in advanced MS and closely associated with increasing disability.
Importantly, Genchi et al. also found an increase in certain protective molecules in patients’ spinal fluids, which may help reduce inflammation and support nerve repair. These results hint that hfNPCs could potentially protect brain cells and foster nerve regeneration, although more research is needed to confirm these effects.
Brain Changes and hfNPC Impact
Reducing brain atrophy in MS is complex because brain volume can change for many reasons, including fluid shifts linked to inflammation. Despite these complexities, the authors found that the correlation between reduced brain atrophy and the number of hfNPCs injected remained robust even after adjusting for age, baseline disability, and other factors. These observations, while preliminary, suggest that hfNPCs may play a role in slowing brain degeneration in PMS patients.
Changes in Protective and Immune Molecules
The study also found notable changes in certain protective and immune molecules in patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) three months after treatment. Some molecules, such as GDNF and VEGF-C, are known to support neuron growth and nerve cell survival, while others, such as IL-10, have anti-inflammatory properties. Although patients were also receiving other treatments that may have influenced these results, Genchi et al. believe the rise in these molecules could imply that hfNPCs helped foster a neuroprotective environment.
Interestingly, while certain inflammatory markers also increased, they may support nerve regeneration under specific conditions. For instance, IL-15, an immune molecule, also regulates nerve cell development and may contribute to nerve repair. However, the study cannot definitively confirm that hfNPCs alone caused these changes, and the authors call for further trials to analyze this effect in more detail.
Cognitive and Functional Changes
One notable result was that patients showed improvement in cognitive scores, specifically in tests measuring processing speed. While the improvement may partially be due to practice effects (familiarity with the tests), it suggests that hfNPCs might help maintain cognitive function in PMS patients. Patients with the most significant cognitive difficulties before treatment showed the most improvement, though more studies are needed to understand the impact of hfNPCs on cognition fully.
Study Limitations and Future Directions
Since this early-phase trial was designed to test safety rather than efficacy, the author’s conclusions about potential benefits are limited. The small sample size and lack of a placebo control group mean that results should be interpreted cautiously. Additionally, MRI lesion activity increased in some patients, raising questions about how hfNPCs interact with the disease over time. Larger, controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and determine if hfNPCs can meaningfully slow or reverse brain damage and disability in PMS.
The researchers also noted that hfNPCs might provide lasting benefits by continuing to release protective molecules months after the initial transplant. However, the study’s short follow-up period does not allow for a complete understanding of how long these cells remain active in the body.
The Future of hfNPC Therapy in PMS
Genchi et al.’s STEMS trial provides early evidence that hfNPC therapy is feasible, safe, and potentially beneficial for patients with PMS. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that hfNPCs may help reduce brain tissue loss and support nerve repair by increasing levels of protective and anti-inflammatory molecules in the spinal fluid. These early outcomes pave the way for larger studies that will more rigorously evaluate whether hfNPCs can slow PMS progression and improve patient outcomes.
For now, hfNPC therapy shows promise as an innovative approach that could address the unmet needs of patients with PMS, particularly by combining neuroprotection and immune modulation to combat progressive disability. As this research progresses, it may represent a meaningful step forward in treating this challenging form of multiple sclerosis.
Source: Genchi, A., Brambilla, E., Sangalli, F. et al. Neural stem cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label, phase 1 study. Nat Med 29, 75–85 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02097-3
by admin | Aug 20, 2024 | Multiple Sclerosis, Neural Stem Cells, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) of an estimated 3 million people worldwide. Characterized by the loss of the protective covering (myelin) of nerve fibers and degeneration of the nerve fibers themselves, MS damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Most MS patients start with a form known as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), where symptoms flare up at intervals and then partially or fully improve. Typical symptoms during these flare-ups include lack of muscle control, fatigue, and sensory impairments.
As the disease progresses, many individuals transition from RRMS to a progressive form of MS. Progressive MS is marked by a steady decline in function and an accumulation of disabilities, rather than periodic attacks. Unfortunately, the treatment options for progressive MS (PMS) are limited and often ineffective. The few available medications can help with active forms of PMS but are generally poor at slowing down the disease’s progression or promoting repair of damaged tissues.
The Promise of Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to addressing the needs of patients with PMS. Stem cells have the unique ability to develop into various types of cells and offer several potential benefits, including providing support to nerve cells, modulating the immune system, and even replacing damaged cells. These characteristics make stem cells an attractive option for treating the complex pathology of PMS.
Current State of Stem Cell Therapy Research
In this review, Smith et al. explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.
According to the authors, preclinical studies suggest that stem cells might help by reducing inflammation and protecting nerve cells in the CNS. However, translating these findings into effective treatments for humans remains a challenge.
Existing disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have improved the treatment of RRMS by targeting the immune system to prevent the attacks that cause demyelination and nerve damage. These therapies work well for RRMS because they address the inflammatory processes that drive the disease. Unfortunately, as patients transition to the progressive phase of MS, conventional DMTs become less effective. PMS is characterized by a different set of pathological processes, including persistent inflammation behind a closed blood-brain barrier and activation of microglia (the brain’s immune cells) rather than T and B cells.
Stem Cell Therapy’s Potential Benefits
According to Smith et al. stem cell therapy offers potential benefits in several ways, including
- Neuroprotection: Stem cells can potentially protect nerve cells from damage and death, which is crucial in progressive forms of MS.
- Immunomodulation: Stem cells might help modulate the immune system, reducing harmful inflammation that contributes to disease progression.
- Cell Replacement: Stem cells have the potential to replace damaged cells and promote the repair of damaged tissues.
While these potential benefits are compelling, the authors have found that the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in PMS is still largely unproven in clinical settings. The majority of current stem cell research focuses on the relapsing forms of MS or other diseases, with fewer studies dedicated specifically to PMS.
Current Status and Future Prospects
Stem cell therapy has demonstrated safety and feasibility across different types of cells and administration methods. The most promising results so far have been in studies involving neural stem cells (NSCs), which have shown potential in preclinical models for reducing chronic neuroinflammation. However, substantial clinical research is needed to validate these findings and determine the practical benefits of stem cell therapy for PMS.
The authors conclude that while stem cell therapy holds considerable promise for treating progressive multiple sclerosis, more research is needed. Future studies should focus on large, well-designed clinical trials to assess the benefits and risks of stem cell treatments. If proven effective, Smith et al. believe that stem cell therapy could become a revolutionary treatment for PMS and offer hope to millions of patients affected by this debilitating condition.
Source: Smith JA, Nicaise AM, Ionescu RB, Hamel R, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:696434. Published 2021 Jul 9. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.696434
by Stemedix | May 20, 2024 | Multiple Sclerosis, Age Management, Health Awareness, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Some health conditions don’t yet have definite cures. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of them. While there is no known cure, several new treatments are emerging that show great potential in treating MS. Stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis can be life-changing. If you struggle with debilitating symptoms and everyday life is painful for you, regenerative medicine may be able to help. Here’s everything you need to know about using stem cell treatments to address MS symptoms.
Multiple Sclerosis: Causes and Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease that researchers are still studying. Knowing the potential causes and common symptoms can help you monitor your condition and recognize when to seek treatment.
How MS Develops and What Causes It
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease. Your immune system starts attacking your nervous system, causing damage over time. Specifically, your immune system degrades the protective coating on your nerves. This coating is called the myelin sheath, and it’s essential for proper nerve function.
The faulty immune response in patients with MS is triggered by certain environmental factors that turn on specific genes. In other words, you may be genetically predisposed to MS, and certain environments “switch on” the genes that activate the disease.
Scientists don’t yet know exactly what causes this activation, but it may be related to lifestyle factors. Smokers and people with inflammatory diets are at higher risk for developing this condition.
Common MS Symptoms
You may experience a combination of common MS symptoms. Certain symptoms may flare up and then go away for a while. During flare-ups, you’re more likely to experience pain and discomfort.
The most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis include:
- Numbness and tingling
- Vertigo
- Skin conditions
- Balance problems
- Difficulty with coordination
- Problems swallowing
- Trouble speaking
- Vision disturbances
- Eye pain
- Seizures
- Hearing problems or loss
- Intense nerve pain
Since MS affects your nervous system, it makes sense for it to impair your balance, coordination, and senses. This disease may eventually affect your optic nerve, or the nerves involved in hearing and auditory processing.
How MS Can Progress Without Treatment
You aren’t doomed to a life of pain and suffering if you’ve been diagnosed with MS. However, it can be a progressive neurodegenerative disease if left untreated.
Some patients experience a steady progression in sensory and motor problems because of MS. Others will have periodic flare-ups that go away and come back randomly. You may notice that stress, lack of sleep, and poor nutrition trigger flare-ups for you.
If left completely untreated, the protective coatings on your nerves will start to degrade, and the affected nerves will stop working properly. This is what leads to trouble swallowing, walking, speaking, seeing, and hearing.
Innovative treatments like stem cell therapy may improve your prognosis with MS. Regenerative medicine may help repair some of the nerve damage caused by your immune responses, addressing the root cause of your symptoms.
What Is Stem Cell Therapy for MS?
Stem cells are known for their ability to regenerate and repair tissues in the body. In lab environments, stem cells can be “programmed” to develop into the necessary cells needed for wound healing, tissue regeneration, and reducing inflammation.
These restorative cells can also renew themselves, keeping injured and diseased areas supplied with plenty of stem cells to continue healing and repairing themselves. That’s why stem cell therapy is so potent — once the stem cell repair process starts, it can continue on its own.
Multiple sclerosis leads to nerve and tissue damage over time, and stem cells may be able to reverse some of that damage. By modulating your immune responses, combating inflammation, and replacing damaged tissues, stem cells can significantly improve your MS symptoms.
The Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients
You have several options when it comes to MS treatments. There are medications and alternative therapies designed to combat MS symptoms and nerve damage. However, stem cell therapy offers unique advantages you should consider before selecting your treatment(s).
Drug-Free Therapy
Stem cells are not pharmaceutical compounds. They are natural cells every human body produces and keeps around for wound healing and tissue repair. Since this therapy is drug-free, there are fewer risks involved — like medication side effects and allergies.
Some patients choose to take MS medication in conjunction with stem cell therapy. Only you can decide what treatment routes are best for you. However, if you want to go drug-free, stem cell therapy is a potent option for you.
Get Behind the Symptoms
Regenerative medicine does more than just mask your symptoms or cover up pain. It gets to the root causes of your MS challenges, including nerve damage and inflammation. By using stem cells to target areas of damage and discomfort, you may be able to improve your future with this disease.
Innovative Treatments
Regenerative medicine is at the forefront of medical science. Researchers are learning new information about MS and stem cells every year, and you can be a part of this experience. By choosing stem cell therapy, you get to benefit from the latest advancements in natural healing and recovery.
Slower Disease Progression
Since MS can be progressive, it’s important to seek treatment as soon as possible. Stem cell therapy may prevent your symptoms from getting worse and debilitating you, as well as improve your future health outcomes with Multiple Sclerosis. Whether you suffer from periodic flare-ups or progressive degeneration, regenerative medicine can help.
Navigating Your Future With MS
It can be devastating to receive a diagnosis like multiple sclerosis. However, it’s important not to lose hope. As medical science progresses forward, there are new and innovative treatments around every corner.
Regenerative medicine gives you the opportunity to take advantage of the latest advancements in this area of science and research. You can use it in conjunction with other interventions as specified by your physician.
No matter what treatments you choose to battle your MS symptoms, know that you’re never alone. Your condition does not define you.
by Stemedix | Apr 15, 2024 | Multiple Sclerosis, Health Awareness, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Skin Care, Studies
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that can affect all of your body systems. People suffering from MS often report neurological, muscular, and skin problems as the disease progresses. If you have MS, you may develop puzzling skin symptoms and conditions that need to be addressed.
Your skin is the largest organ in your body, and it may need extra support if you have multiple sclerosis. Learn how MS symptoms and medications can affect your skin in your daily life.
Why MS Causes Skin Problems
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative condition that leads to increasing nerve damage over time. As a result, the ways your body experiences pain and physical sensations will change.
Nerve Degeneration
Some of this is purely neurological. As your nerves experience damage from this condition, they may misfire pain or sensitivity signals within your skin. You could have odd sensations, sensitivity to cold and light touch, and other skin problems.
Medication Side Effects
Additionally, Multiple sclerosis medications can lead to negative effects on your skin. Some of these prescriptions may irritate or inflame soft tissues in your body. As a result, you may experience infections, lesions, and rashes.
Common Neurological Skin Symptoms and Problems
When your nerves aren’t working properly, the way your body senses and responds to external stimuli (like touch) changes. These symptoms are what’s known as neurological skin problems. They don’t directly affect the appearance or texture of your skin, but these issues do impair your daily life.
Paresthesia
One of the earliest symptoms of Multiple sclerosis is paresthesia. This broad skin sensation can manifest in many different ways. Not everyone who experiences paresthesia has MS, but most MS patients deal with paresthesia at some point.
Some symptoms of paresthesia include:
- Numbness
- Tingling
- Prickling sensations
- Burning
- “Pins and needles”
- Tickling sensations
- Feeling like your skin is “crawling”
These symptoms show up even when nothing is physically touching your skin. Paresthesia is most common in your extremities — fingers, toes, hands, feet, legs, and arms. However, you may experience paresthesia in different spots on your body over time.
Neuropathic Itch
This skin problem is slightly different from paresthesia. When you develop neuropathic itch, it may feel like nothing will relieve the deep burning itch. Many MS patients struggle with this, and it doesn’t always involve external touches or stimuli.
Another name for neuropathic itch is pruritus. Even if there’s nothing physical causing the itch, it’s still a real sensation. It can be frustrating when the itch won’t resolve, even if you’ve scratched your skin excessively.
Skin Sensitivity: Cold, Touch, and More
MS patients experience extreme sensitivity to heat, cold, and touch due to nerve damage. This means even the lightest touch or slightest change in temperature can trigger a strong reaction in your body.
This makes everyday life difficult for obvious reasons. When you feel extreme pain and aversion to light touch or mild temperatures, it can be difficult to complete tasks and participate in society.
MS Medication and Skin Problems
Many MS patients have medications prescribed from their physician. However, the side effects aren’t always pleasant, particularly when it comes to your skin.
There are a wide variety of prescription drugs used to treat MS, so your specific symptoms will depend on what you’re taking. For example, monoclonal antibodies target certain immune cells to reduce the neurodegenerative and inflammatory effects of MS. However, this can irritate your skin and cause other unwanted side effects.
Here are some of the skin symptoms you may notice after taking MS medications.
Hives and Rashes
Patchy, itchy spots and raised hives can both stem from MS medications. This is because MS prescriptions deal with your immune system, inflammatory responses, and other bodily processes. These systems can and do interact with your skin, and sometimes, it responds by breaking out in hives or rashes.
Redness and Flushing
Some oral MS medications cause hot flashes, which make your skin look red and flushed. This is similar to the temporary skin sensations caused by exercise or anxiety. Most flushing sensations go away within 30 minutes of taking your medication, but they can still be a nuisance.
Skin Lesions
Some injections and infusions that treat MS can lead to skin lesions, which can affect your confidence and comfort. You may notice large or small skin lesions, with some being discolored or bruised.
Secondary Infections
When you have MS, your immune system constantly works overtime. This can weaken your defenses against secondary infections, like skin infections.
Scratching weakens your skin barrier, which can allow bacteria to enter your skin matrix and cause infections. If you’re dealing with neuropathic itch, you’re especially at risk.
Certain MS medications also make you more susceptible to skin infections. Injectable prescriptions carry the risk of exposing bacteria to different layers of your skin. Improper needle use and poor needle hygiene can both result in skin infections.
You’ll need antibiotic treatments for secondary skin infections, as these are bacterial and won’t go away on their own. Always consult your doctor for help with skin infections.
Care for Your Body to Reduce Your Skin’s Risk
Having MS is exhausting and can be debilitating. However, practicing physical and emotional self-care whenever possible can be beneficial. Caring for your overall health can reduce the impact MS has on your skin, making it less susceptible to infections and unpleasant symptoms.
Some forms of self-care for MS patients include:
- Getting plenty of rest
- Exercising regularly
- Journaling
- Meditating
- Eating a nutritious diet
- Doing yoga
- Spending time in MS support groups
- Talk therapy
These are all wonderful strategies for supporting your psychological and physical health when you have MS.
Be Prepared: Know the Most Common MS-Related Skin Symptoms
You can prepare yourself by learning about what you can expect after an MS diagnosis. MS has many detrimental effects on the body, but you can reduce some of these effects through stress relief and self-care. As you improve your overall well-being, you may notice skin improvements as well.
by Stemedix | Mar 18, 2024 | Autoimmune, Multiple Sclerosis, Regenerative Medicine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Your body is generally very good at telling what’s a foreign invader, like a virus or bacteria, and what’s not — but sometimes, it gets it wrong.
If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system has begun to associate parts of your body, like your skin or joints, as foreign. When this occurs, the body releases antibodies that attack those healthy cells.
Essentially, your immune system overreacts. That’s what leads to autoimmune diseases. There are many of these kinds of illnesses, but some are much more common than others.
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Attacking Your Joints
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which your immune system attacks the joints throughout your body. It attacks the joints on both sides of your body and leads to uncontrolled inflammation that damages cartilage. The joints can begin to deform, and your bones can even erode.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weakness
With rheumatoid arthritis, you can have periods of remission when you have few to no symptoms, but these are followed by flare-ups.
2. Type One Diabetes: Targeting Insulin-Producing Cells
Your pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which regulates your blood sugar levels. If you have type one diabetes, your immune system attacks the cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. You can experience symptoms like:
- Extreme thirst
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Frequent urination
- Weight loss
- Vaginal yeast infections
- Slow healing of sores and cuts
Type one diabetes has a strong genetic component, and there may be certain environmental factors, like viruses or toxins, that can also trigger the disease if you have a predisposition.
3. Multiple Sclerosis: Damaging Myelin Sheaths
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that damages the coating that surrounds nerve cells. These are called myelin sheaths, and if they’re damaged, the transmission speed of messages between your brain and your spinal cord can be delayed.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Muscle weakness
- Numbness
- Changes to your vision
- Loss of balance
- Mood changes
- Trouble with cognitive function
You can experience remission periods in which you may not have any symptoms.
4. Psoriasis: Leading Skin Cells to Multiple Too Quickly
Usually, skin cells grow and then die off and shed. Psoriasis causes cells to multiply too rapidly, leading to the formation of patches. People who have lighter skin tones can have patches that appear red with white plaque scales, while on darker skin tones, the patches can appear purple or dark brown with gray scales.
It can cause symptoms like:
- Raised areas of thick skin
- Rashes
- Flaky or scaly plaque
There are a few types of psoriasis, with some appearing in your skin folds and some even causing pus-filled bumps.
5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Swelling in the Intestinal Wall
Inflammatory bowel disease causes the lining of the intestinal wall to swell. Different parts of your gastrointestinal tract are affected depending on where the inflammation is located.
Symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Anemia
- Malnutrition
- Weight loss
- Rectal bleeding
- Fecal incontinence
One type of inflammatory bowel disease is Crohn’s disease, which can cause inflammation anywhere along the tract, from your mouth to your anus. Ulcerative colitis, however, affects the lining of the large intestine and rectum. Microscopic colitis causes inflammation that can only be seen via a microscope.
6. Lupus: Causing Inflammation Throughout Your Body
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes your immune system to attack your entire body. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Swollen glands
- Hair loss
- Fever
- Rashes
- Blood clots
- Confusion
There are a few types of lupus, including lupus that only affects your skin and medication-induced lupus.
7. Graves’ Disease: Overworking Your Thyroid
This type of immune disease attacks your thyroid gland, leading it to produce too many hormones. This can lead you to experience symptoms like:
- Fast heartbeat
- Unintentional weight loss
- Goiter
- Heat intolerance
Some people who have this condition can experience symptoms that affect the skin or eyes.
8. Addison’s Disease: Impacting the Adrenal Glands
Addison’s disease is a chronic condition in which your adrenal glands don’t produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is a hormone that helps your body respond to stress while also helping you maintain blood pressure, heart function, and more. Aldosterone is a hormone that controls your body’s sodium and potassium levels.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Patches of dark skin
- Fatigue that gets progressively worse
- Loss of appetite
- Dehydration
Some people also experience low blood sugar levels with the disease.
9. Sjögren’s Disease: Causing Dry Eyes and Mouth
This illness occurs when your immune system attacks the glands that create moisture in your mouth, eyes, and other parts of your body. There is primary Sjögren’s disease, which occurs on its own, and secondary Sjögren’s disease, which happens when another condition triggers the disease.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Dry nose and frequent nosebleeds
- Vaginal dryness
- Dry and itchy eyes
- Dry throat
Some people also experience muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, and even trouble swallowing.
10. Celiac Disease: Attacking the GI Tract
People who have Celiac disease can’t have gluten, which is a protein found in rye, wheat, and other grain products. If you have this disease, your immune system reacts to any gluten it finds in the small intestine, leading to inflammation. You can experience symptoms like:
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal bleeding
- Constipation
Because your immune system attacks your gut if you eat gluten, it doesn’t allow you to receive the nutrients you need. People may experience nutritional deficiencies that can cause many other symptoms.
Managing Autoimmune Diseases with Regenerative Medicine
Most autoimmune conditions can be managed. One of the most promising options, especially when combined with other treatments, is regenerative medicine.
Regenerative medicine options like stem cell therapy harness your body’s natural healing mechanisms. They can help reduce inflammation, which plays a huge role in most autoimmune diseases. With less inflammation, blood circulation improves, bringing more nutrients and oxygen to the affected areas.
To determine whether regenerative medicine is a good choice to help manage your autoimmune conditions, consult with your doctor.
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