You might think of kidney health problems as separate issues from your blood pressure. However, renal hypertension, a form of high blood pressure, can be just as serious as cardiovascular health conditions.
It’s important to understand the link between kidney function and blood pressure. Once your kidneys become compromised, the damage isn’t reversible. Know the signs, symptoms, and treatment options related to renal hypertension so you can maintain your kidney health as long as possible.
How Renal Hypertension Develops
Your kidneys work with the rest of your body to maintain your blood pressure, fluid and sodium balance, pH levels, and more. When either your kidneys or the rest of your body is thrown out of balance, the other can suffer.
Narrowed Kidney Arteries
Renal hypertension has the same cause as standard high blood pressure — the narrowing of arteries. With this disease, the arteries that are most compromised are the ones that lead into your kidneys. This can be very dangerous if left untreated.
Many different factors can cause narrowed kidney arteries, including atherosclerosis (plaque buildup), scarring due to general hypertension, and others. When this happens, you’re at an increased risk of developing renal hypertension.
Your Kidneys’ Response
When your kidneys aren’t getting enough blood flow — which is a common issue when your arteries narrow — they release certain hormones. These hormones cause your blood pressure to rise in an attempt to get more blood flowing to your kidneys.
The Vicious Cycle of Renal Hypertension
Renal hypertension is a real problem, particularly if it progresses for a long time. Once your kidney blood flow is compromised, your kidneys stop working as efficiently.
One of the primary functions of your kidneys is to balance sodium and water levels in your body. Compromised kidneys won’t filter sodium out of your system as effectively. When there’s too much sodium circulating, you experience high blood pressure, and the hypertension cycle continues.
Chronic hypertension can contribute to the development of kidney disease, which has no cure. Many experts consider kidney disease to be the root cause of renal hypertension, but general hypertension plays a large role as well.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Renal Hypertension
You might be wondering if this problem will affect you, especially if you’ve already been diagnosed with general hypertension. There are key signs and symptoms to look out for. You should also consult closely with a physician who can monitor your blood and kidney health consistently.
Headaches
In some cases, high blood pressure will cause headaches or migraines. Scientists believe this happens because of changes in the blood-brain barrier. Pressure can build in this region during high blood pressure episodes, leading to discomfort, pain, and migraine headache symptoms.
Vision Changes
Extremely high blood pressure levels can damage the arteries and blood vessels in your eyes. This leads to double vision, blurriness, and general difficulty seeing. If you experience sudden changes in your vision, renal hypertension may be the culprit.
Confusion
Your brain can’t function properly when your blood pressure is too high. This symptom is usually a sign that you’re in a hypertensive crisis and need immediate medical attention. If you start feeling confused, dazed, or mentally foggy, consider renal hypertension as the root cause.
Nausea and Vomiting
Hypertensive crises usually induce nausea and, in some cases, bouts of vomiting. This is another critical symptom to watch for, as it means you need emergency medical treatment.
An Important Note
Renal hypertension, much like general hypertension, usually shows no symptoms. This is why it’s so dangerous, as patients may not know they have this condition until it’s too late. It’s essential to work with a specialist who can keep an eye on your blood pressure and kidney health if you have concerns.
It’s also important to note that kidney problems are mostly irreversible. While there are some promising treatments, like stem cell therapy for kidney disease, there is no known cure yet. Prevention is the key to managing your kidney health.
Potential Treatments for Better Kidney Health
Lifestyle changes and innovative treatments, namely regenerative medicine, may improve your kidney health over time. If your doctor has stated that you don’t need surgery to treat your renal hypertension, stem cell therapy may be right for you.
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Your Blood Pressure
Eating a diet low in sodium and free from added table salt can do wonders for your blood pressure levels. Your doctor may recommend that you make other lifestyle changes, like exercising daily and quitting smoking. These changes take time to get used to, but they can save your kidneys a lot of damage in the long run.
Blood Pressure Medication
This intervention is tricky because a key sign of renal hypertension is rising blood pressure that won’t respond to medication. However, in some cases, your doctor may be able to control your hypertension with a stronger blood pressure drug. This is usually the first line of treatment if you’re unable to make the necessary lifestyle changes.
Surgery
There are both minimally invasive and open surgical procedures for treating renal hypertension. Surgical interventions involve installing a balloon into the affected artery or using healthy tissue from a different artery to repair the damaged one. Either way, these interventions require a surgeon who specializes in these procedures.
Stem cells can be programmed to have anti-inflammatory properties, which reduces tissue damage throughout your body. When the affected area — in this case, your kidneys — receives stem cell therapy, damaged vessels and arteries might slowly heal and regenerate.
Regenerative medicine is drug-free and uses the natural healing properties of “blank” stem cells to assist in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Stem cell treatments may be a good option for treating your renal hypertension if you want to avoid surgery, medication, and other invasive interventions.
Renal Hypertension Prevention, Treatment, and Healing
You have options when it comes to preventing and treating your renal hypertension. Prevention is always the best way to avoid long-term complications. However, don’t be discouraged if the damage is already done. With the right information, you can make an informed decision on caring for your kidneys.
According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 422 million people worldwide have diabetes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing both acute and chronic pancreatitis, which increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.
Considering the lack of effective therapeutic options for pancreatitis and the limited treatment options for diabetes, researchers have recently turned to the potential of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as alternative therapeutic treatment options for these conditions.
In this review, Scuteri and Monfrini evaluate the different uses of MSCs for both the treatment of diabetes and the reduction of diabetes-related disease development.
According to the authors, MSCs offer several advantages, including the ability to be isolated from different tissues in a simple way, the ability to be easily harvested and expanded in vitro, and the absence of ethical problems associated with harvesting and use.
In addition, MSCs demonstrate the ability to differentiate, release soluble factors, and migrate toward lesions and sites of inflammation. Considering that inflammation and apoptosis are significant etiopathological factors of diabetes and pancreatitis, Scuteri and Monfrini indicate that MSCs are excellent candidates for regenerative medicine purposes.
In the case of MSCs and diabetes, research has demonstrated that differentiation of MSCs into insulin-releasing cells has been demonstrated in vitro after direct contact with pancreatic islets; the release of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factors has improved the engraftment and prolonged the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets; and inhibited the apoptotic pathways triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress in transplanted pancreatic islets. In analyzing this research, the authors conclude that the potential exists for the safe and effective use of MSCs for treatment of diabetes.
Although there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of MSCs on pancreatitis, there have only been a few studies exploring this therapeutic option. In these studies, the presence of MSCs was observed to reduce fibrosis and parenchymal damage by reducing proinflammatory factor expression.
In regard to MSCs and pancreatic cancer, since diabetes and pancreatitis are risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer and considering MSCs have been found to hold potential as a therapeutic option for these diseases, using MSCs to interrupt the flow of factors leading to the development of pancreatic cancer should lower the incidence of diabetes-related pancreatic cancers.
The authors conclude that MSCs are a very promising therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, four million adults in the United States have fibromyalgia. It’s an often-misunderstood condition that leads to systemic joint and muscle pain, along with fatigue, making daily life very difficult. To deal with the pain the condition causes, it’s important to understand why it occurs. Learn more about fibromyalgia and your pain management options.
What Is Fibromyalgia? Symptoms and Causes
Fibromyalgia is a condition that leads to pain and tenderness all over the body. It’s a chronic condition, though symptoms tend to come and go. During flare-ups, the pain can be significant enough to interfere with daily life while also affecting sleep, leading to mental and physical distress.
During a flare-up, you can experience:
Fatigue
Pain
Headaches
Face and jaw pain
Bladder control issues
Digestive problems
Insomnia
It’s not clear what causes fibromyalgia, but scientists have found that certain conditions, as well as stress, can trigger it. You are also more likely to have this condition if you have a relative who suffers from it. Women are twice as likely as men to develop it.
People living with conditions like arthritis, depression, anxiety disorders, and irritable bowel syndrome are more likely to develop fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia can affect people of all ages, including children, but it’s more common in those who are middle-aged.
Diagnosing Fibromyalgia
If you’re experiencing symptoms, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and discuss your medical history. There’s no test that can officially diagnose fibromyalgia, so your doctor will do what’s called a differential diagnosis — a kind of investigation that functions via a process of elimination.
Your doctor may order blood work to check hormone levels and look for signs of inflammation to help eliminate other diseases.
During the physical examination, your doctor will likely check for the presence or absence of tender spots by using light pressure.
Most of the time, if you have generalized pain that lasts for three months or more without any other underlying conditions, you’ll receive a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The pain has to be spread throughout your body to get this diagnosis.
Treating Fibromyalgia: What You Can Expect
There isn’t one treatment that works for everyone. Usually, your doctor will try a number of different options, combining them to offer the most effective results.
Your provider will likely treat the condition depending on the symptoms you’re currently experiencing. There are stages of treatment, though these aren’t treatment plans that can be followed in order because the condition can affect you differently during every flare-up.
Exercise to Loosen Muscles
In some cases, turning to physical exercises, including stretching, can help loosen your muscles and ease some of the discomfort.
Low-impact exercises like walking and swimming help build flexibility that can improve your movement during flare-ups while simultaneously helping manage pain with the release of endorphins they stimulate. Exercise may also help you get better sleep.
Medications for Symptom Management
Over-the-counter medications can help manage pain, as can narcotics, though your doctor will prescribe these with care since they can lead to dependence.
Antidepressants can often also help the process, easing some of the fatigue and pain. For those who have trouble sleeping because of fibromyalgia, sleeping aids are often a good choice.
Heat and Cold Therapy for Milder Pain
In some cases, heat and cold therapy is also effective in managing some symptoms, especially if they’re mild. Alternating hot and cold packs helps the muscles release some of the tension that could be causing pain.
Occupational Therapy for Everyday Tasks
Turning to an occupational therapist is a great way of finding out how to restructure your life when you experience flare-ups. This type of therapist can help make adjustments to your work areas while also helping you find better ways of performing certain tasks so that you experience fewer symptoms.
Massage and Acupuncture to Improve Range of Motion
Massage therapy is a trusted technique. It relies on the manipulation of your muscles and soft tissues, increasing blood flow and improving range of motion while helping reduce pain. For many, it helps relieve stress, too, which can impact the severity of the symptoms.
Acupuncture is also helpful, with the needles affecting blood flow levels and even how certain neurotransmitters in the brain work.
Lifestyle Changes for Flare-Up Reduction
Making changes to your everyday life is an important way of helping minimize the symptoms of flare-ups, so try to incorporate some into your daily life. The right options can depend on your preferences. Some people turn to meditation, while others prefer to do breathing and mindfulness exercises.
The variety of treatments available include platelet-rich plasma therapy and stem cell therapy, which uses mesechymal stem cells to reduce inflammation and help calm the immune system. This makes it possible to better handle symptoms when you do have a flare-up.
Stem cell therapy is easy to combine with other treatment options and doesn’t require a long recovery period or the stress of dealing with side effects. Stem cell therapy and other regenerative medicine options help treat the underlying triggers like inflammation, so you’re not just covering symptoms with medications.
Living With Fibromyalgia
It can seem daunting to live with a chronic condition like fibromyalgia, but with some lifestyle changes and an understanding of what triggers your flare-ups, as well as a combination of treatments, you can better manage the condition.
If you’re dealing with fibromyalgia, ask your doctor whether an option like stem cell therapy and other regenerative medicine treatments can help.
Choosing options that target inflammation and trying to get to the underlying cause of the problem instead of only masking the symptoms can make it possible to live a happy and healthy life with fibromyalgia. To learn more about pain management for Fibromyalgia visit our website or contact us now!
The International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system”. While general neuropathy is diverse by nature, neuropathic lesions generally fall into four categories: focal or multifocal lesions of the peripheral system, general lesions of the peripheral nervous systems, lesions of the central nervous system, and complex neuropathic disorders.
Although neuropathic pain is typically characterized as chronic pain, it is also considered more severe than other types of chronic pain; this is in large part due to the increased disruption to overall quality of life when compared with other chronic pain syndromes.
As part of this review, Fortino, Pelaez, and Cheung review specific types of neuropathic pain and summarize current research being done to replace pharmacological treatments with cellular therapies, including stem cells, designed to have a longer-lasting effect on the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain presents itself in many different forms, including spontaneous sensations and superficial pain. These forms of neuropathic pain differ from nociceptive pain in that nociceptive pain occurs as a result of tissue damage while neuropathic pain is the product of damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. Neuropathic pain also differs from nociceptive pain in its proportion to the intensity of the stimuli; in other words, while nociceptive pain is proportional to the intensity of the stimuli, neuropathic pain is not.
Considering that uninjured fibers that intermingle with degenerating nerve fibers participate in pain signaling, it is important for the environment surrounding these uninjured nerve fibers to be able to protect them from degeneration and exacerbation associated with neuropathic pain. Since growth factors have proven critical in promoting neuron development and survival and since neurotrophic factors are secreted by stem cells, researchers hypothesize that stem cells present a potential therapy for longer lasting treatment of neuropathic pain.
Clinical studies have demonstrated that neurotrophic factors offered by stem cells when in direct or indirect contact with the lesioned nerve, appear to provide neuroprotection and neuroregenerative effects.
Despite the potential for stem cell therapies to provide protection from neurodegeneration and to promote neuroregeneration, the authors raise several issues that need to be addressed, including determining an optimal dose for stem cell transplantation and obtaining a better understanding of the homing capabilities of stem cells.
In addition to exploring the benefits of neurotrophic factors of stem cells in treating neuropathic pain, transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to explore potential benefits in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy and spinal cord injuries are also currently being evaluated.
While the role of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain is not yet fully understood, the authors find their ability to modify cellular processes to provide protective and restorative environments that can reverse the causes of neuropathic pain a promising therapy for the long-term treatment of this condition.
Neuropathic pain is pain caused as part of a dysfunction in the nervous system, including the peripheral nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Often characterized by spontaneous pain occurring for no specific reason, neuropathic pain can range from mild to severe and is currently estimated to affect 150 million people in the United States. The risk of experiencing neuropathic pain is also much higher in those with preexisting medical conditions, especially diabetes.
Treating neuropathic pain has proven to be very challenging and, to date, most current medical treatments are designed to mitigate pain while not addressing the underlying cause of the pain.
Spinal reorganization and changes in the excitatory or inhibitory pathways controlling neuropathic pain development following peripheral nerve injury are correlated with altered gene expression. Considering this, Siniscalco, Rossi, and Maione review newer molecular methods, including gene therapy and delivery of biologic anti-nociceptive molecules, as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
The authors also review the use of stem cell therapy as the potential to slow the progression of or even altogether block neuropathic pain. Stem cells have the ability to incorporate into the spinal cord, differentiate, and to improve locomotion recovery. Furthermore, and despite associated ethical concerns, human stem cells have demonstrated the ability to migrate to the injured area of the spinal cord and differentiate in order to promote axon regeneration and synapse regeneration as a way to alleviate neuropathic pain and improve motor behavior.
Further exploring stem cell therapy as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain, Siniscalco et al. point out that using genetically engineered stem cells expressing trophic factors appears to be a useful tool in relieving neuropathic pain. The authors hypothesize that the benefit brought by stem cells could be a result of their ability to deliver anti-nociceptive molecules close to the pain processing centers or site of injury and that the trophic factors provided by stem cells could, themselves, act as an anti-nociceptive drug.
Of the many various types of stem cells, the authors believe that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate the potential for the best results in pain-care research. Found throughout the body, MSCs demonstrate a high expansion potential, genetic stability, and stable phenotype, and are easily collected and transported.
In addition, MSCs also are able to migrate to sites of tissue injury and demonstrate strong immunosuppressive properties and are able to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. Animal models of neurological disorders have demonstrated that MSCs are able to improve neurological deficits and to promote neuronal network improvements.
Although the underlying mechanisms of how MSCs specifically address pain behavior are yet to be fully understood, their ability to migrate to injured tissue and mediate functional recovery suggests that MSCs could modulate pain generation after a neuropathic injury.
The authors conclude that neuropathic pain is a very complex disease that is very difficult to treat. While current treatment is designed to address the symptoms of pain, a treatment for the cause has yet to be developed. There are new molecular methods, including antisense strategy, gene therapy, and virus therapy currently being evaluated as potential therapeutic options to treat the underlying causes of pain.
Most recently, preliminary clinical evidence suggests that stem cell therapy could be the most effective long-term treatment for definitive relief of pain caused by neuropathic injury or disease.
Nerve damage resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to temporary or permanent loss of function and contributes to poor quality of life. Most common among males below 30 years of age, SCI recovery has been limited specifically as a result of the low growth capacity of neurons and a lack of nerve growth factors.
While current SCI treatment focuses on stabilizing the injured area and preventing secondary injury through a combination of surgery, pharmacological intervention, and rehabilitation, the success of treatment has been limited and unable to stimulate spinal cord regeneration.
Considering the limited success of confidential SCI treatments, several types of stem cells are currently being tested for the treatment of SCI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), and adipose tissue (ADSCs).
In this review, Liau et al. discuss the current status of MSC therapy for SCI, criteria to consider when applying MSC therapy, and review novel biological therapies that can be used together with MSC therapy to enhance its therapeutic potential.
Based on the results of clinical trials, the authors conclude that MSC therapy is beneficial for SCI patients. While not all patients responded to MSC therapy, the authors note that observed improvement varied from patient to patient. In addition to discrepancies attributed to patient variations, source of MSC, route of stem cell administration, timing of cell administration, number of cell administrations, number of cells administered, and cell preparation methods were also observed to affect the efficacy of therapy.
Despite the delayed progress in phase III trials, there are several new therapeutic treatment strategies that incorporate stem cell secretory product-based therapy, including stem cell secretome therapy, scaffold-based therapy, and immunotherapy. The authors indicate that all of these novel therapeutic approaches may be able to be used in combination with MSC therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs by improving cell survival, migration, engraftment, and proliferation.
The authors conclude this review by summarizing that, to date, MSC therapy has been demonstrated to be safe but unable to improve neurological function for all treated patients. Despite the limited success of this therapy, other studies are currently underway in an effort to improve the delivery of MSCs and MSC-derived products by utilizing scaffolds or by combining them with immunotherapy to improve the efficacy of the treatment.
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