by admin | Mar 28, 2024 | Neuropathy, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
The International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system”. While general neuropathy is diverse by nature, neuropathic lesions generally fall into four categories: focal or multifocal lesions of the peripheral system, general lesions of the peripheral nervous systems, lesions of the central nervous system, and complex neuropathic disorders.
Although neuropathic pain is typically characterized as chronic pain, it is also considered more severe than other types of chronic pain; this is in large part due to the increased disruption to overall quality of life when compared with other chronic pain syndromes.
As part of this review, Fortino, Pelaez, and Cheung review specific types of neuropathic pain and summarize current research being done to replace pharmacological treatments with cellular therapies, including stem cells, designed to have a longer-lasting effect on the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain presents itself in many different forms, including spontaneous sensations and superficial pain. These forms of neuropathic pain differ from nociceptive pain in that nociceptive pain occurs as a result of tissue damage while neuropathic pain is the product of damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. Neuropathic pain also differs from nociceptive pain in its proportion to the intensity of the stimuli; in other words, while nociceptive pain is proportional to the intensity of the stimuli, neuropathic pain is not.
Considering that uninjured fibers that intermingle with degenerating nerve fibers participate in pain signaling, it is important for the environment surrounding these uninjured nerve fibers to be able to protect them from degeneration and exacerbation associated with neuropathic pain. Since growth factors have proven critical in promoting neuron development and survival and since neurotrophic factors are secreted by stem cells, researchers hypothesize that stem cells present a potential therapy for longer lasting treatment of neuropathic pain.
Clinical studies have demonstrated that neurotrophic factors offered by stem cells when in direct or indirect contact with the lesioned nerve, appear to provide neuroprotection and neuroregenerative effects.
Despite the potential for stem cell therapies to provide protection from neurodegeneration and to promote neuroregeneration, the authors raise several issues that need to be addressed, including determining an optimal dose for stem cell transplantation and obtaining a better understanding of the homing capabilities of stem cells.
In addition to exploring the benefits of neurotrophic factors of stem cells in treating neuropathic pain, transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to explore potential benefits in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy and spinal cord injuries are also currently being evaluated.
While the role of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain is not yet fully understood, the authors find their ability to modify cellular processes to provide protective and restorative environments that can reverse the causes of neuropathic pain a promising therapy for the long-term treatment of this condition.
Source: “Concise Review: Stem Cell Therapies for Neuropathic Pain – PMC.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667564/.
by Stemedix | Mar 25, 2024 | Osteoarthritis, Pain Management, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Living with osteoarthritis pain can be debilitating. You might feel barred from activities you previously enjoyed. With osteoarthritis, everything feels more difficult, including playing with your grandkids, enjoying sports, and walking in nature.
Addressing osteoarthritis pain involves a combination of lifestyle changes, modern scientific therapies, and medications. Here are some of the ways you can get relief from the pain and discomfort osteoarthritis brings to your life.
The Root Cause of Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is an inflammatory joint condition that currently has no cure. If you have osteoarthritis, your body experiences cartilage degeneration. This means the spongy tissue that connects your bones together is starting to break down.
Bone Friction and Damage
When enough cartilage is lost, the friction of your bones rubbing together causes pain, inflammation, and discomfort. Your ligaments start to stretch in painful, unhealthy ways.
Osteoarthritis operates in two ways. Cartilage breakdown causes bone friction, which increases your pain levels. Bone friction also causes serious bone damage that worsens your pain.
Because of these stressors, osteoarthritis pain can be debilitating. This condition can be progressive, getting worse as your joints and ligaments become stressed due to lack of cartilage. If you get proper treatment, however, you may get rid of your symptoms altogether.
There are a few risk factors for developing osteoarthritis. With proper treatment, you can go into remission and experience far fewer painful symptoms.
Who Gets Osteoarthritis?
What causes your cartilage to break down in the first place? The answer is more complex than you might expect. Some people are more susceptible to joint and cartilage damage than others.
Older Adults
Age is a major risk factor for developing osteoarthritis. Patients who are 40 or older are more likely to develop this condition.
Throughout your life, your joints and connective tissues experience “wear and tear,” and the effects accumulate as you age. This can create problems with your cartilage’s structural integrity, eventually leading to osteoarthritis. It makes sense that aging adults experience higher rates of this inflammatory health condition.
People With Sudden Injuries
You may develop osteoarthritis if you’ve experienced a sports injury or sudden joint impact. Injuries can harm the cartilage that connects your joints, increasing your risk of developing this condition.
If you’re an older adult who played sports in your younger years, you may notice symptoms of osteoarthritis popping up as you age. Car crash victims and people with traumatic joint injuries are also vulnerable.
Obese Patients
Obesity raises your risk for this degenerative disorder. The more extra fat you carry, the more stress and pressure your joints experience. Over time, excess body weight can break down connective tissues in your knees, legs, and feet.
Since osteoarthritis is an inflammatory condition, being obese can exacerbate the symptoms. If you eat a poor diet full of processed foods and refined sugars, your body is more vulnerable to inflammation. These conditions make osteoarthritis symptoms even more debilitating.
How to Get Relief from Osteoarthritis Pain
The joint pain and discomfort that come with osteoarthritis can impair your daily life. If you like to be active and move around a lot, this disease may force you to change your lifestyle. Luckily, you have options when it comes to osteoarthritis pain relief.
From over-the-counter pain medications to natural holistic remedies, there’s no shortage of osteoarthritis pain relief. You can choose what works best with your personal preferences and lifestyle.
Pharmaceutical Treatments
Most physicians recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs to manage osteoarthritis pain. If you have debilitating discomfort, some doctors will prescribe stronger pain medication. These treatments are usually intended for short-term use.
While medication covers up the pain you’re experiencing, it doesn’t solve the underlying problem. You likely won’t get long-term relief from medication alone.
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell treatments for osteoarthritis may reduce inflammation and pain over time. This evidence-based therapy uses special “blank” cells to regenerate damaged tissues. Since osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition, stem cell therapy is a potentially effective solution to cartilage breakdown.
Stem cells come from the human body. These treatments are completely drug-free and use the natural powers of your body’s wound-healing process. Patients who seek stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis may notice significant improvements in their comfort levels after a few weeks.
Specialized Massage
Massages can help improve blood flow to the affected areas. As a result, massage therapy may be a good supplemental tool for relieving osteoarthritis pain.
Many people experience better mobility after a few massage therapy sessions. A massage therapist specializing in osteoarthritis pain relief can help you feel more comfortable and mobile in your daily life.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a holistic solution for joint pain osteoarthritis causes. Patients from different backgrounds and with various health problems have experienced pain relief from acupuncture. This therapy uses tiny needles to relax your muscles and redirect your brain’s pain signals.
Acupuncture should be used as a supplement to other types of therapy. It can provide short-term relief, but much like medication, it doesn’t treat the root cause of your osteoarthritis pain.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes offer effective, natural solutions to your daily discomfort. Nutrition, weight, sleep, and stress management all play large roles in osteoarthritis pain relief.
Your body needs the right nutrients to control inflammation and accelerate wound healing. You also need plenty of sleep and stress management to maintain a healthy body. Any or all of these factors can improve or worsen your osteoarthritis pain.
As a rule of thumb, you should prioritize:
- Healthy weight management
- Good nutrition
- Sleep quality and quantity
- Stress relief
- Gentle daily exercise
These lifestyle factors will all help your body recover from osteoarthritis attacks. You may be able to prevent the inflammation from getting worse by improving these areas of your life.
Experience Osteoarthritis Pain Relief to Enjoy Healthy Movement Again
You’re understandably ready to get back to doing what you love. Managing your osteoarthritis pain doesn’t have to take over your life. Live a healthy lifestyle as you consider different therapies and treatments to take the edge off of your joint pain.
by admin | Mar 21, 2024 | Neuropathy, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Neuropathic pain is pain caused as part of a dysfunction in the nervous system, including the peripheral nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Often characterized by spontaneous pain occurring for no specific reason, neuropathic pain can range from mild to severe and is currently estimated to affect 150 million people in the United States. The risk of experiencing neuropathic pain is also much higher in those with preexisting medical conditions, especially diabetes.
Treating neuropathic pain has proven to be very challenging and, to date, most current medical treatments are designed to mitigate pain while not addressing the underlying cause of the pain.
Spinal reorganization and changes in the excitatory or inhibitory pathways controlling neuropathic pain development following peripheral nerve injury are correlated with altered gene expression. Considering this, Siniscalco, Rossi, and Maione review newer molecular methods, including gene therapy and delivery of biologic anti-nociceptive molecules, as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
The authors also review the use of stem cell therapy as the potential to slow the progression of or even altogether block neuropathic pain. Stem cells have the ability to incorporate into the spinal cord, differentiate, and to improve locomotion recovery. Furthermore, and despite associated ethical concerns, human stem cells have demonstrated the ability to migrate to the injured area of the spinal cord and differentiate in order to promote axon regeneration and synapse regeneration as a way to alleviate neuropathic pain and improve motor behavior.
Further exploring stem cell therapy as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain, Siniscalco et al. point out that using genetically engineered stem cells expressing trophic factors appears to be a useful tool in relieving neuropathic pain. The authors hypothesize that the benefit brought by stem cells could be a result of their ability to deliver anti-nociceptive molecules close to the pain processing centers or site of injury and that the trophic factors provided by stem cells could, themselves, act as an anti-nociceptive drug.
Of the many various types of stem cells, the authors believe that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate the potential for the best results in pain-care research. Found throughout the body, MSCs demonstrate a high expansion potential, genetic stability, and stable phenotype, and are easily collected and transported.
In addition, MSCs also are able to migrate to sites of tissue injury and demonstrate strong immunosuppressive properties and are able to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. Animal models of neurological disorders have demonstrated that MSCs are able to improve neurological deficits and to promote neuronal network improvements.
Although the underlying mechanisms of how MSCs specifically address pain behavior are yet to be fully understood, their ability to migrate to injured tissue and mediate functional recovery suggests that MSCs could modulate pain generation after a neuropathic injury.
The authors conclude that neuropathic pain is a very complex disease that is very difficult to treat. While current treatment is designed to address the symptoms of pain, a treatment for the cause has yet to be developed. There are new molecular methods, including antisense strategy, gene therapy, and virus therapy currently being evaluated as potential therapeutic options to treat the underlying causes of pain.
Most recently, preliminary clinical evidence suggests that stem cell therapy could be the most effective long-term treatment for definitive relief of pain caused by neuropathic injury or disease.
Source: “Stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain treatment – PMC – NCBI.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908122/.
by Stemedix | Mar 18, 2024 | Autoimmune, Multiple Sclerosis, Regenerative Medicine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Your body is generally very good at telling what’s a foreign invader, like a virus or bacteria, and what’s not — but sometimes, it gets it wrong.
If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system has begun to associate parts of your body, like your skin or joints, as foreign. When this occurs, the body releases antibodies that attack those healthy cells.
Essentially, your immune system overreacts. That’s what leads to autoimmune diseases. There are many of these kinds of illnesses, but some are much more common than others.
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Attacking Your Joints
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which your immune system attacks the joints throughout your body. It attacks the joints on both sides of your body and leads to uncontrolled inflammation that damages cartilage. The joints can begin to deform, and your bones can even erode.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weakness
With rheumatoid arthritis, you can have periods of remission when you have few to no symptoms, but these are followed by flare-ups.
2. Type One Diabetes: Targeting Insulin-Producing Cells
Your pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which regulates your blood sugar levels. If you have type one diabetes, your immune system attacks the cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. You can experience symptoms like:
- Extreme thirst
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Frequent urination
- Weight loss
- Vaginal yeast infections
- Slow healing of sores and cuts
Type one diabetes has a strong genetic component, and there may be certain environmental factors, like viruses or toxins, that can also trigger the disease if you have a predisposition.
3. Multiple Sclerosis: Damaging Myelin Sheaths
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that damages the coating that surrounds nerve cells. These are called myelin sheaths, and if they’re damaged, the transmission speed of messages between your brain and your spinal cord can be delayed.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Muscle weakness
- Numbness
- Changes to your vision
- Loss of balance
- Mood changes
- Trouble with cognitive function
You can experience remission periods in which you may not have any symptoms.
4. Psoriasis: Leading Skin Cells to Multiple Too Quickly
Usually, skin cells grow and then die off and shed. Psoriasis causes cells to multiply too rapidly, leading to the formation of patches. People who have lighter skin tones can have patches that appear red with white plaque scales, while on darker skin tones, the patches can appear purple or dark brown with gray scales.
It can cause symptoms like:
- Raised areas of thick skin
- Rashes
- Flaky or scaly plaque
There are a few types of psoriasis, with some appearing in your skin folds and some even causing pus-filled bumps.
5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Swelling in the Intestinal Wall
Inflammatory bowel disease causes the lining of the intestinal wall to swell. Different parts of your gastrointestinal tract are affected depending on where the inflammation is located.
Symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Anemia
- Malnutrition
- Weight loss
- Rectal bleeding
- Fecal incontinence
One type of inflammatory bowel disease is Crohn’s disease, which can cause inflammation anywhere along the tract, from your mouth to your anus. Ulcerative colitis, however, affects the lining of the large intestine and rectum. Microscopic colitis causes inflammation that can only be seen via a microscope.
6. Lupus: Causing Inflammation Throughout Your Body
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes your immune system to attack your entire body. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Swollen glands
- Hair loss
- Fever
- Rashes
- Blood clots
- Confusion
There are a few types of lupus, including lupus that only affects your skin and medication-induced lupus.
7. Graves’ Disease: Overworking Your Thyroid
This type of immune disease attacks your thyroid gland, leading it to produce too many hormones. This can lead you to experience symptoms like:
- Fast heartbeat
- Unintentional weight loss
- Goiter
- Heat intolerance
Some people who have this condition can experience symptoms that affect the skin or eyes.
8. Addison’s Disease: Impacting the Adrenal Glands
Addison’s disease is a chronic condition in which your adrenal glands don’t produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is a hormone that helps your body respond to stress while also helping you maintain blood pressure, heart function, and more. Aldosterone is a hormone that controls your body’s sodium and potassium levels.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Patches of dark skin
- Fatigue that gets progressively worse
- Loss of appetite
- Dehydration
Some people also experience low blood sugar levels with the disease.
9. Sjögren’s Disease: Causing Dry Eyes and Mouth
This illness occurs when your immune system attacks the glands that create moisture in your mouth, eyes, and other parts of your body. There is primary Sjögren’s disease, which occurs on its own, and secondary Sjögren’s disease, which happens when another condition triggers the disease.
You can experience symptoms like:
- Dry nose and frequent nosebleeds
- Vaginal dryness
- Dry and itchy eyes
- Dry throat
Some people also experience muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, and even trouble swallowing.
10. Celiac Disease: Attacking the GI Tract
People who have Celiac disease can’t have gluten, which is a protein found in rye, wheat, and other grain products. If you have this disease, your immune system reacts to any gluten it finds in the small intestine, leading to inflammation. You can experience symptoms like:
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal bleeding
- Constipation
Because your immune system attacks your gut if you eat gluten, it doesn’t allow you to receive the nutrients you need. People may experience nutritional deficiencies that can cause many other symptoms.
Managing Autoimmune Diseases with Regenerative Medicine
Most autoimmune conditions can be managed. One of the most promising options, especially when combined with other treatments, is regenerative medicine.
Regenerative medicine options like stem cell therapy harness your body’s natural healing mechanisms. They can help reduce inflammation, which plays a huge role in most autoimmune diseases. With less inflammation, blood circulation improves, bringing more nutrients and oxygen to the affected areas.
To determine whether regenerative medicine is a good choice to help manage your autoimmune conditions, consult with your doctor.
by Stemedix | Feb 26, 2024 | Parkinson's Disease, Health Awareness, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Therapy
Parkinson’s disease causes nervous system complications. If you know someone who has struggled with this disease, you know how debilitating it can be. Parkinson’s affects mood, memory, cognition, and movement.
Fortunately, science is always advancing, and experts are learning more about Parkinson’s disease. Here are seven ways to help prevent Parkinson’s disease that are backed by scientific research.
1. Do Cardio Regularly
Cardiovascular exercise is linked to many other health benefits, but one of the most notable is reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease. Aerobic exercise, even in mild forms like walking or jogging, boosts your brain health. This improves and protects your memory, concentration, mood, and cognitive abilities as you age.
Cardio has an anti-inflammatory effect on your entire body. This is significant because researchers believe that Parkinson’s is the result of excess inflammation, among other factors. By getting a moderate to high amount of aerobic exercise each week, you can help protect yourself from developing this debilitating disease.
2. Relieve Stress in Healthy Ways
Psychological stress can be just as harmful as physical stress. Between the demands of work, family life, social circles, and hobbies, many modern Americans are more stressed than ever before.
It’s essential to reduce stress to stay healthy throughout your lifetime. Chronic high stress levels can contribute to whole-body inflammation, which is a serious risk factor for Parkinson’s disease.
Stress also reduces the volume of brain matter in areas that control memory, cognition, and movement, which are all negatively affected by Parkinson’s disease. By regularly combating stress, you can protect your brain and reduce your chances of developing this problematic condition.
Some healthy forms of stress relief include:
- Exercise
- Journaling
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Self-care days
- Getting at least eight hours of sleep at night
- Spending time outdoors
- Engaging in hobbies
These activities help you stay well-adjusted and free of stress, which weighs down your mental and physical health over time. Consider making changes in your life that cut out large sources of stress whenever possible.
3. Fill Your Plate with Veggies
Most people know that vegetables are extremely healthy. If you struggle to get your daily servings of veggies in, this information might make you reconsider your habits.
Vegetables naturally contain antioxidants, which are anti-inflammatory compounds that protect against aging and tissue damage. Filling your plate with vegetables increases your intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. All of these micronutrients contribute to better brain health and anti-aging.
When it comes to Parkinson’s prevention, this is one of the most effective steps you can take. If taste is an issue, consider adding more flavors to your meals to offset the taste of vegetables. You can also add seasoning and heart-healthy oils to make vegetables taste better.
4. Avoid Pesticides and Other Harsh Chemicals
Modern agriculture has changed a lot as humanity has progressed past the hunter-gatherer days. This means that crop growers are using more chemical pesticides than ever before. The long-term effects of these chemicals on human health are overwhelmingly negative.
Some studies have linked higher rates of Parkinson’s disease with high exposure to pesticides in farmers. The harsh chemicals used in large-scale agriculture are designed to keep bugs away from crops, but they can harm your brain health in the process.
To avoid this problem, shop organic and local whenever possible. Be mindful that many organic products can still contain certain pesticides. It’s best to shop at your local farmer’s markets and small grocery stores rather than chains.
These steps will help you access high-quality produce without exposing yourself to harsh, damaging chemicals.
5. Increase Your Vitamin D Intake
Vitamin D is incredibly important for immunity, mood, bone health, and brain health. Research has shown strong connections between Parkinson’s disease and low vitamin D levels. Now more than ever, getting enough vitamin D in your diet is essential.
You get some vitamin D from sunlight. The sun’s rays boost the amount of vitamin D in your bloodstream through chemical changes.
However, too much sun exposure is linked to skin cancer and other serious health problems. You should always wear sunscreen while spending extended amounts of time outdoors, and this can reduce the amount of vitamin D you get from the sun.
You should aim to get most of your vitamin D from your diet and supplements. Healthy sources of animal fat naturally contain lots of vitamin D. Opt for meats and dairy products that have “grass-fed” or “free-range” on the labels. These animals and their products are healthier and richer in vitamin D than factory-farmed animals.
If you struggle to get enough vitamin D in your diet, work with your doctor to find an appropriate supplement. Always consult a medical professional before starting a new medication or supplement.
6. Get Plenty of Sleep
Sleep is the most restorative and reparative process your body undergoes. Without enough sleep, your brain health is sure to suffer. Your memory, cognition, mood, and physical performance all rely on an adequate amount of sleep.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, so it makes sense that chronic lack of sleep can raise your chances of developing it.
Healthy adults should get seven to nine hours of sleep every night. Your sleep needs may be slightly different from the recommended range. It’s important to pay attention to how you feel when you wake up.
If you wake up groggy, tired, and sluggish even after eight hours of sleep, chances are you need more. On the other hand, some people can thrive on seven to eight hours of sleep with no problems.
Sleep will protect your brain health and fight inflammation that can lead to Parkinson’s disease. Make getting plenty of shut-eye a strong priority in your life — your brain will thank you later.
7. Drink Coffee or Green Tea
Caffeine seems to have a protective effect against developing Parkinson’s disease. It’s important to get high-quality sources of caffeine. Otherwise, you may notice sleep disturbances and cardiovascular side effects. Avoid sugary, caffeinated beverages like energy drinks and soda.
Green tea and coffee both have antioxidants, which reduce inflammation and promote better brain health. You don’t have to give up your daily fix to fight Parkinson’s — in fact, it may help!
Know the Facts About Parkinson’s Disease
Stay updated on the latest information about Parkinson’s disease to reduce your risk of developing it. If you or a loved one are already struggling with Parkinson’s, therapeutic treatments like stem cell therapy may help. Ultimately, knowledge is power when it comes to fighting neurodegenerative diseases.
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