Back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide, impacting people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. In North America, it is one of the top reasons people miss work and visit doctors. Studies show that at least 80% of Americans will experience low back pain at some point in their lives, making it…
The onset of autoimmune diseases is related to unbalanced immune homeostasis and leads to the injury and failure of several organ specific tissues. Currently estimated to affect 8-10% of the population, these autoimmune diseases are associated with serious impairment, high mortality rate, and significant medical costs. The discovery of stem cells, and specifically mesenchymal stem…
Osteoarthritis (OA) continues to be the most common form of degenerative joint disease in the United States and around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 528 million people worldwide were living with osteoarthritis (OA) in 2019, which is an increase of 113% since 1990. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 found…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling joint condition that imposes significant health and economic burdens globally. Between 2006 and 2016, the global percentage change in years lived with disability due to OA increased by 31.5%. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form, primarily affecting older adults and those who are obese. Symptoms of…
With over 290,000 people in the United States living with SCI and with roughly 17,000 new cases each year, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that significantly impacts the lives of those affected. Considering the complexity associated with SCI, current treatments for SCI continue to focus mainly on managing symptoms and providing physical…
Primarily a result of its avascular structure and the relatively low metabolic activities of chondrocytes, cartilage has demonstrated a very limited ability to self-repair. Currently, the primary interventions for cartilage-related injuries only postpone further cartilage deterioration and fail to fully restore or repair cartilage. The limited success of current clinical treatment options for cartilage-related injuries…
According to a recent study released by The Lancet Neurology, more than 3 billion people worldwide are living with a neurological condition, making it the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. The rate of neurological conditions, including neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism), neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer’s), movement disorders (such as Parkinson's), brain…
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that can drastically impact everyday life, affecting both physical and mental well-being. Individuals with Parkinson’s often face challenges such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement, alongside cognitive and emotional symptoms like memory loss and depression. These effects can make even the simplest daily tasks increasingly difficult, leading…
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes have attracted interest as potential treatments for degenerative diseases. MSCs have unique characteristics such as the ability to renew themselves, differentiate into different cell types, and modulate the immune system. These properties make them valuable in medical research, and both laboratory and clinical studies have…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can take different forms: relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). In RRMS, symptoms flare up and then ease, largely due to inflammation, and there are many therapies to manage these relapses. In SPMS and PPMS, the disease gradually…
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