Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide. As this autoimmune disease disrupts the central nervous system, it leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, and cognitive issues. In recent years, regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising treatment to alleviate these symptoms and potentially slow the progression…
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a serious global health problem that arises from chronic or binge alcohol consumption. As a chronic liver disease, ALD occurs due to alcohol's harmful effects on the liver, which is the first organ to metabolize alcohol. This process leads to the production of harmful byproducts that damage liver cells and…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to a range of physical and cognitive impairments. There are different types of MS, with the most common being relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). RRMS is primarily an inflammatory condition, while SPMS involves a progressive decline due to…
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a complex, disabling form of multiple sclerosis characterized by the progressive accumulation of central nervous system (CNS) damage. This damage arises from chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal injury, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis, affecting both white and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord. Despite advancements in MS research, effective reparative…
Back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide, impacting people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. In North America, it is one of the top reasons people miss work and visit doctors. Studies show that at least 80% of Americans will experience low back pain at some point in their lives, making it…
The onset of autoimmune diseases is related to unbalanced immune homeostasis and leads to the injury and failure of several organ specific tissues. Currently estimated to affect 8-10% of the population, these autoimmune diseases are associated with serious impairment, high mortality rate, and significant medical costs. The discovery of stem cells, and specifically mesenchymal stem…
Osteoarthritis (OA) continues to be the most common form of degenerative joint disease in the United States and around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 528 million people worldwide were living with osteoarthritis (OA) in 2019, which is an increase of 113% since 1990. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 found…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling joint condition that imposes significant health and economic burdens globally. Between 2006 and 2016, the global percentage change in years lived with disability due to OA increased by 31.5%. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form, primarily affecting older adults and those who are obese. Symptoms of…
With over 290,000 people in the United States living with SCI and with roughly 17,000 new cases each year, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that significantly impacts the lives of those affected. Considering the complexity associated with SCI, current treatments for SCI continue to focus mainly on managing symptoms and providing physical…
Primarily a result of its avascular structure and the relatively low metabolic activities of chondrocytes, cartilage has demonstrated a very limited ability to self-repair. Currently, the primary interventions for cartilage-related injuries only postpone further cartilage deterioration and fail to fully restore or repair cartilage. The limited success of current clinical treatment options for cartilage-related injuries…
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