Back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide, impacting people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. In North America, it is one of the top reasons people miss work and visit doctors. Studies show that at least 80% of Americans will experience low back pain at some point in their lives, making it a major contributor to healthcare costs and lost income, amounting to over $50 billion each year. Although various factors can cause back pain, most cases are mechanical rather than due to an underlying disease. One of the main sources of chronic back pain is the degeneration of intervertebral discs, which can lead to pain in the lower back and neck. Despite its prevalence, there is no standard treatment that effectively restores the normal function of these degenerated discs.
Understanding Disc Degeneration and Back Pain
Degenerative disc disease is one of the most significant contributors to chronic low back pain. As intervertebral discs age or become damaged, they lose their ability to cushion the spine, causing pain and reduced mobility. Degeneration can occur naturally due to aging, but other factors like injury or genetic predisposition can also accelerate the process. While imaging tests such as MRIs can identify disc degeneration, they don’t always pinpoint the exact cause of the pain. This makes treating degenerative disc disease challenging, as doctors struggle to find therapies that not only alleviate pain but also restore disc health.
Emerging Stem Cell Therapies for Back Pain
Recently, regenerative medicine, particularly stem cell therapy, has gained attention as a potential treatment for degenerative disc disease. Stem cells have the ability to transform into different types of cells, making them suitable for repairing damaged tissues. In theory, injecting stem cells into degenerated discs could help regenerate disc tissue and reduce pain.
Overview of Clinical Studies
Several clinical studies have examined the potential of stem cell therapies for treating degenerative disc disease, with mixed results. The types of stem cells studied include:
Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): These are derived from a patient’s own body, often from bone marrow or fat tissue. Some studies reported a reduction in pain and improvement in quality of life following treatment with MSCs. However, results were inconsistent, and improvements did not always correspond to measurable changes in the disc’s structure.
Allogenic stem cells: These are stem cells from donors’ umbilical cord tissue. Research on allogenic stem cells is still limited, with few studies showing significant long-term benefits.
Chondrocytes: These cells, which produce cartilage, have also been used in some studies to promote disc regeneration. However, there is limited evidence supporting their use, and more research is needed.
Overall, the studies reviewed had varying degrees of success, with some patients experiencing significant pain relief and others seeing little to no improvement. Many studies lacked control groups or were not randomized, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The most common outcomes measured were pain scores and functional improvements, but there was no clear evidence that stem cell therapy restored the physical structure of degenerated discs.
How Stem Cells Might Work
There are several theories about how stem cells could help regenerate damaged discs. One possibility is that stem cells differentiate into the type of cells needed to repair the disc, such as cells that produce cartilage or other supportive tissues. Another theory is that stem cells create a supportive environment that encourages the body’s own repair mechanisms. For example, animal studies have shown that stem cells can increase the production of molecules that help repair and strengthen disc tissue.
The Future of Stem Cell Therapy for Back Pain
Soufi et al. report that stem cell therapy remains a promising area of research for treating degenerative disc disease. Ongoing clinical trials aim to establish the safety and effectiveness of these treatments in humans, and if successful, could pave the way for a new approach to managing chronic back pain. For stem cell therapy to become a standard treatment, more studies are needed to identify which patients are most likely to benefit and to optimize treatment protocols, including the type and dosage of stem cells.
Researchers are also exploring the use of tissue-engineering technologies and biomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of stem cell therapies. Combining stem cells with supportive scaffolds could improve the chances of successful disc regeneration and provide a more stable environment for cell growth.
The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease and Back Pain
Back pain, particularly when related to degenerative disc disease, is a significant health issue with limited effective treatment options. Stem cell therapy represents a new frontier in regenerative medicine, with the potential to offer relief to patients who have not responded to traditional therapies.
Source: Soufi, K.H.; Castillo, J.A.; Rogdriguez, F.Y.; DeMesa, C.J.; Ebinu, J.O. Potential Role for Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy as a Treatment for Degenerative Disc Disease and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 8893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108893
In recent years, the field of regenerative medicine has made remarkable strides, with stem cell therapy emerging as a revolutionary approach to treating various conditions. Among the most promising applications of stem cell therapy is its use in orthopedic injuries, which include conditions such as sports injuries, osteoarthritis, and degenerative disc disease. This innovative treatment has the potential to transform the way we approach the healing and recovery process for these conditions, offering hope for faster and more effective recovery.
Understanding Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy involves the use of stem cells to repair, regenerate, or replace damaged or diseased tissues in the body. Stem cells are unique in their ability to differentiate into various types of cells, making them ideal candidates for treating a wide range of medical conditions. In orthopedic injuries, stem cells can be used to promote the healing of damaged cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bones.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found in bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue. MSCs are commonly used in orthopedic treatments due to their ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and muscle cells.
Stem Cell Therapy for Orthopedic Injuries
Orthopedic injuries can result from trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions, and they often affect the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and soft tissues. Common orthopedic injuries that may benefit from stem cell therapy include:
Sports Injuries: Athletes are particularly susceptible to injuries such as ligament tears, tendonitis, and muscle strains. Stem cell therapy can accelerate the healing process, reduce inflammation, and promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. For instance, studies have shown that stem cell therapy can be effective in treating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, a common sports injury that can sideline athletes for months (Oxford Academic).
Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Traditional treatments for osteoarthritis primarily focus on symptom management, but stem cell therapy offers a more targeted approach. By injecting stem cells into the affected joint, it’s possible to stimulate cartilage regeneration and reduce inflammation, potentially slowing or even reversing the progression of the disease (BioMed Central).
Degenerative Disc Disease: This condition occurs when the intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, begin to deteriorate, leading to back pain and discomfort. Stem cell therapy can help regenerate the damaged disc tissue, reduce pain, and improve function. Research has shown promising results in using stem cells to treat degenerative disc disease, offering patients an alternative to invasive surgical procedures (SpringerLink).
How Stem Cell Therapy Works for Orthopedic Injuries
The process of stem cell therapy for orthopedic injuries typically involves several key steps:
Harvesting Stem Cells: Depending on the source of the stem cells, they can be harvested from the patient’s bone marrow, adipose tissue, or from donor sources such as umbilical cord tissue. The cells are then processed and prepared for injection.
Injection: The concentrated stem cells are then injected directly into the injured area using imaging guidance such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy to ensure precise delivery. In some cases, multiple injections may be required over time to achieve optimal results.
Recovery and Monitoring: Following the procedure, patients are monitored to assess their response to the therapy. Recovery times can vary, but many patients begin to notice improvements within weeks to months after the treatment.
Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy for Orthopedic Injuries
Stem cell therapy offers several advantages over traditional treatments for orthopedic injuries:
Minimally Invasive: Unlike surgical interventions, stem cell therapy is minimally invasive, involving only injections rather than incisions. This reduces the risk of complications and shortens recovery times.
Reduced Pain and Inflammation: Stem cells have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce pain and swelling at the injury site, promoting faster healing.
Promotes Tissue Regeneration: One of the most significant benefits of stem cell therapy is its ability to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues, which can lead to more durable and long-lasting recovery.
Potential to Delay or Avoid Surgery: For conditions like osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease, stem cell therapy may help delay or even eliminate the need for surgical intervention, providing a less invasive treatment option.
Customizable Treatment: Stem cell therapy can be tailored to the specific needs of the patient, allowing for personalized treatment plans that address the unique aspects of each injury.
Challenges and Considerations
While stem cell therapy holds great promise, it is important to acknowledge that it is still a relatively new field, and there are challenges to be addressed:
Variability in Outcomes: The effectiveness of stem cell therapy can vary depending on factors such as the type of injury, the source of stem cells, and the patient’s overall health. More research is needed to establish standardized protocols and determine the best practices for different conditions.
Regulatory and Ethical Considerations: The use of certain types of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, raises ethical questions and is subject to strict regulations. However, the use of adult stem cells, including MSCs, is generally considered ethical and is more widely accepted.
Cost and Accessibility: Stem cell therapy can be expensive, and it is not covered by insurance. This can limit access for some patients, particularly those who may benefit most from the treatment.
The Future of Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopedics
As research in stem cell therapy continues to advance, its potential applications for treating orthopedic injuries are expanding rapidly. The ongoing development of new techniques for harvesting, processing, and delivering stem cells is likely to improve the effectiveness and accessibility of these treatments. Scientists are also exploring ways to enhance the regenerative capabilities of stem cells through genetic modifications and the use of bioengineered scaffolds, which could lead to even more impressive outcomes.
In the future, stem cell therapy may become a standard treatment for a wide range of orthopedic conditions, from sports injuries to degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. This would offer patients a minimally invasive option that promotes natural healing and regeneration, potentially reducing the need for more invasive surgical procedures.
Conclusion
Stem cell therapy is revolutionizing the field of orthopedic medicine, offering a promising new approach to treating injuries and degenerative conditions. By harnessing the body’s natural healing processes, stem cell therapy has the potential to improve outcomes, reduce recovery times, and enhance the quality of life for patients suffering from orthopedic injuries. While challenges remain, the continued advancement of stem cell research holds the promise of making these treatments more effective and accessible to a broader range of patients in the near future.
References and Further Reading
To learn more about the studies and research supporting the use of stem cell therapy in orthopedic injuries, you can explore the following references:
These references provide a deeper dive into the science behind stem cell therapy and its growing role in the treatment of orthopedic conditions. As this field continues to evolve, it offers exciting possibilities for improving patient care and outcomes in orthopedics.
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition that refers to the gradual deterioration of the discs between the vertebrae of the spine. The discs are rubbery cushions that act as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine. With age and wear and tear, these discs can degenerate, leading to various symptoms and changes in the spine. In this article, we will discuss the things to avoid with degenerative disc disease.
The primary cause of degenerative disc disease is the natural aging process. As we age, the discs lose their water content and become less flexible, resulting in decreased disc height and integrity. This degeneration can also be influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and repetitive stress on the spine.
The common symptoms of degenerative disc disease include back pain, neck pain, and radiating pain or numbness that can extend into the arms or legs. The pain may worsen with activities like bending, twisting, or sitting for prolonged periods. In some cases, the degenerated disc may impinge on nearby nerves, causing additional symptoms such as weakness or tingling sensations in the affected areas.
While degenerative disc disease is a natural part of the aging process, not everyone with disc degeneration experiences symptoms. The severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Diagnosis of degenerative disc disease typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans to assess the condition of the discs and rule out other possible causes of pain.
Who Do You See if You Think You Have Degenerative Disc Disease?
If you suspect that you have degenerative disc disease (DDD), it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in spine conditions. Here are some healthcare providers you can consider seeing for an evaluation and diagnosis:
Primary Care Physician (PCP): Start by scheduling an appointment with your primary care physician. They can assess your symptoms, perform a physical examination, and provide initial guidance. They may also refer you to a specialist for further evaluation if needed.
Orthopedic Surgeon: An orthopedic surgeon specializes in the musculoskeletal system, including conditions related to the spine. They can evaluate your symptoms, order appropriate diagnostic tests, and discuss treatment options ranging from conservative approaches to surgical interventions.
Neurologist: Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in conditions related to the nervous system, including spine-related issues. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform neurological examinations, and order imaging tests to help diagnose degenerative disc disease. They can also provide recommendations for treatment and management.
Spine Specialist: A spine specialist, such as a physiatrist or a spine surgeon, focuses specifically on spine-related conditions. They have expertise in evaluating and treating degenerative disc disease. They can provide a comprehensive evaluation, recommend appropriate diagnostic tests, and develop a tailored treatment plan based on your specific needs.
Physical Therapist: Physical therapists can play a crucial role in managing degenerative disc disease. They can assess your condition, develop an exercise program to strengthen the muscles supporting your spine, and provide guidance on proper body mechanics and posture.
It is important to note that the availability of these specialists may vary depending on your location and healthcare system. In some cases, your primary care physician may provide sufficient guidance and refer you to the appropriate specialist if necessary. Seeking professional medical advice is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and to develop an effective treatment plan tailored to your individual needs.
Things to Avoid with Degenerative Disc Disease
When living with degenerative disc disease, it is important to be mindful of certain activities and habits that can worsen your symptoms or potentially harm your spine.
Firstly, heavy lifting should be avoided as it places excessive strain on your discs. If lifting is necessary, remember to use proper techniques and ask for assistance when needed.
Prolonged sitting or standing should also be minimized, as both positions can place stress on your discs. Instead, try to alternate between sitting and standing and incorporate short breaks or walks throughout the day.
High-impact activities such as running, jumping, or contact sports should be avoided, as they can further deteriorate your discs. Opt for low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling, which are gentler on your spine. Repetitive activities such as bending, twisting, or lifting should be minimized or balanced with frequent breaks to reduce strain on your discs. A sedentary lifestyle weakens the supporting muscles of your spine, so engage in regular physical activity and exercises that promote spinal health.
Maintaining good posture is crucial; avoid slouching or hunching over, especially during extended periods of sitting or standing. Use ergonomic chairs or supportive cushions to help maintain proper alignment.
Smoking is detrimental to your spinal health, so it is advisable to quit smoking or avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
Excess body weight adds strain to your spine and accelerates disc degeneration, so maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is essential.
Emotional stress and poor sleep can increase muscle tension and exacerbate pain associated with degenerative disc disease, so prioritize stress management techniques and ensure you get enough restful sleep.
It is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your specific condition.
What are Treatment Options for Degenerative Disc Disease?
Traditional treatment options for degenerative disc disease aim to manage pain, improve function, and prevent further deterioration. Conservative measures include physical therapy, pain medications, hot or cold therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight and adopting proper body mechanics. In more severe cases, when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgical interventions such as spinal fusion or artificial disc replacement may be considered.
It’s important to note that degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition, and while traditional treatment can help manage symptoms, it may not reverse the underlying degeneration.
Regenerative Medicine for Degenerative Disc Disease
Regenerative medicine, also known as stem cell therapy, is an emerging field that explores innovative treatments aimed at stimulating the body’s natural healing and regenerative processes.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a regenerative medicine approach that has gained attention for its potential in treating degenerative disc disease (DDD). MSCs are a type of adult stem cell that can differentiate into various cell types, including those found in intervertebral discs. These cells are administered to the targeted disc(s) to promote regeneration and repair.
Clinical studies and preliminary research on MSC therapy for DDD have shown promising results. Some potential benefits observed include decreased pain, improved disc hydration, increased disc height, and enhanced structural integrity. Consult with a qualified healthcare professional who specializes in regenerative medicine or spine conditions to discuss the potential benefits, risks, and availability of MSC therapy for degenerative disc disease. They can evaluate your specific case, and provide personalized recommendations based on your individual needs. To learn more about things to avoid with Degenerative Disc Disease, contact us today at Stemedix!
Currently, it’s estimated that over 40% of adults over the age of 40 have at least one degenerative disc in their vertebrae; by age 80, the percentage afflicted with this condition is estimated to be over 80%. Characterized by erosion of the rubber-like discs between each vertebra of the spine, degenerative disc degeneration often results in chronic and debilitating back and neck pain. The condition is commonly accompanied by prolonged numbness in the arms and legs and pain that tends to radiate downward through the lower back and buttocks.
Adding to the seriousness of degenerative disc disease is the fact that chronic back pain continues to be a significant public health issue and among the leading causes of lost days of work and one of the most widely reported symptoms contributing to a diminished quality of life. In fact, a study conducted by the University of Maryland Medical Center found that the total cost of back pain (when factoring in medical costs, lost days of work, and the condition’s impact on wages) amounts to a staggering $560 to $635 billion annually.
Historically, chronic cases of degenerative disc disease required surgery. Unfortunately, surgical treatment of this condition not only demonstrated an inability to completely correct the conditions but also produced additional biomechanical problems and accelerated degeneration of nearby discs and portions of the spine.
Considering this, researchers began to investigate the potential use of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as options for treating degenerative disc disease.
In this review, Noriega et al. provide follow-up findings as a result of their long-term randomized controlled trial using allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs. As part of this trial, participants in the treatment group received an intradiscal injection of healthy allogeneic bone marrow MSCs while those in the control group received sham infiltration in the paravertebral musculature.
Outcomes of this trial were followed and recorded for one year after injection and subsequently followed up on 3.5 years afterward as part of this review.
As part of the original study and in addition to confirming the feasibility and safety of degenerative disc treatment with injection of MSCs, Noriega et al. found that patients treated with MSCs demonstrated rapid and significant improvements in algo functional indices when compared to those in the control group.
Examining outcomes nearly 3.5 years after original interventions, the authors reported no serious adverse effects of the investigation for either the treatment or control group. Findings also indicated that the improvements in both pain relief and disability improvement continued to increase in those receiving MSC injections while control patients did not show any significant healing after 3.5 years of receiving the intervention.
Of particular interest, the authors noted that patients treated with MSCs showed two distinct patterns – one subpopulation that showed a significant response to this treatment (responders) and another subpopulation that demonstrated no significant difference from patients in the control group (non-responders).
Noriega et al. also reported that observed structural changes in those receiving MSC injections occurring after year one of treatment were maintained over the period of 3.5 years while those in the control group continued to show a decrease in grading used to measure results of the trial.
The authors conclude that these long-term outcomes support the use of MSCs as a valid alternative for managing degenerative disc disease. Findings indicate that MSC injection as a treatment for degenerative disc disease provides effective and durable pain relief and objective improvements in disc degeneration.
According to the Medical Advisory Secretariat, approximately 40% of people over 40 have degenerative disc disease. It is not easy to know that you have disc disease because its development is gradual and can present with related problems, like herniated discs and spinal stenosis. To diagnose Degenerative Disc Disease, your doctor can perform a number of procedures and tests. Learn more about them as well as the symptoms that accompany this condition.
Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease
Most people’s spinal discs show signs of wear as they age, but not everyone develops degenerative disc disease. People who have this condition experience symptoms like:
Numbness and tingling in extremities
Pain that worsens when sitting, bending, twisting, or lifting
Decreased pain when lying down
Weakness in legs
Foot drop (difficulty lifting the front part of the foot)
There can also be periods of severe pain that can last for a few days or even a few months. The pain can affect the buttocks, thighs, lower back, or even the neck, depending on the affected discs.
Neurological and Physical Examinations
To diagnose degenerative disc disease, your doctor will perform a neurological exam. They will test your reflexes and muscle strength, determine whether there are other nerve changes, and record how your pain spreads.
They will then observe your posture and perform a physical exam. They will feel your spine to check its alignment and curvature, and they will also feel for muscle spasms.
Imaging Tests
An exam can contribute a lot of data that can inform a diagnosis, but spinal imaging is crucial to determine a confirmed diagnosis of degenerative disc disease. X-rays allow your doctor to see whether there are any narrowed spinal channels, bone spurs, fractures, or osteoarthritis.
Your doctor may also request a CT scan or an MRI. These tests are more effective than standard X-rays for seeing soft tissues in your spine. With this more advanced imaging, your doctor can see if you have any herniated or bulging discs.
They can also perform a discogram, a procedure that involves injecting dye into one of your discs. If there is a problem with the disc, it will leak the dye.
Finally, the doctor may perform a test known as a myelogram. This time, dye is injected into the area around your spinal cord, allowing your doctor to see if you have a spinal cord disorder.
Do You Have Degenerative Disc Disease?
If you suspect you may have degenerative disc disease, reach out to professionals to get the right diagnosis. Only then can you find the options for treatment most suitable for alleviating the painful symptoms you feel. Many patients have discovered regenerative medicine, also known as stem cell therapy, as a potential option to help manage their degenerative disc disease. Stem cells have the properties to help repair and replace damaged tissues allowing for a healing cascade to eliminate pain and inflammation. If you have Degenerative Disc Disease and you want to learn more about the options available at stemedix, contact us today!
Back pain is one of the most frequent physical complaints among adults. It’s also the leading cause of missed work in the U.S. Most back pain goes away on its own within a week or two, but if you have persistent severe back pain or pain that is accompanied by other symptoms, it may be time to see a specialist. Here we will learn when to see a specialist about back pain.
Signs Your Back Pain May Require Treatment
Rest, ice packs, and mild stretching are often enough to relieve back pain, but pain is the body’s way of telling you something is wrong. If you’re experiencing any of the following along with your back pain, make an appointment with a healthcare professional.
Numbness and Tingling
Numbness, burning, tingling, or pain that radiates into the buttocks and down one or both legs could be a symptom of spinal stenosis.
Spinal stenosis is an orthopedic condition that causes the spinal canal to narrow and put pressure on the spinal nerves. Treatments for spinal stenosis include physical therapy, pain medication, surgery, and non-invasive regenerative medicine.
Incontinence
Experiencing urinary or bowel incontinence with back pain is a sign of a serious problem known as cauda equina syndrome. With this condition, the compression of a grouping of nerves — the cauda equina nerves — causes a loss of bowel or bladder control. Seek emergency medical help if you experience incontinence with back pain.
High Fever
A fever may indicate that your back pain is caused by an infection. Fever is a reaction of the immune system as it tries to combat harmful germs before they do severe damage.
People with compromised immune systems or autoimmune diseases may have difficulty fighting off infection naturally. It’s possible that the two symptoms are unrelated, but fever with back pain could indicate an infection of the spine, a bladder or kidney infection, spinal cancer, shingles, or other conditions that require medical intervention.
Back Trauma
If you have taken a fall, been in a car accident, or experienced another type of trauma, your back pain could be caused by an undetected back injury.
It’s normal to feel stiff or sore for the first 24-72 hours after a trauma, but if rest and over-the-counter pain medication aren’t enough to reduce your pain, you may have injured a muscle or have a small fracture in one of the bones in your back.
Don’t Ignore Pain
Don’t assume your back pain is “nothing” or that it will go away on its own. Back problems can turn into serious health issues if they’re not taken care of properly. If you have any of the above symptoms or pain that persists even though you’re taking care of yourself, pain management can ease your suffering. If you would like to learn more about pain management for back pain contactstemedix today and speak with a care coordinator.
This website and its contents are not intended to treat, cure, diagnose, or prevent any disease. Stemedix, Inc. shall not be held liable for the medical claims made by patient testimonials or videos. They are not to be viewed as a guarantee for each individual. The efficacy for some products presented have not been confirmed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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