Low back pain is one of the most common health problems worldwide. It affects quality of life, limits work and daily activities, and creates a significant economic burden. In many adults, especially those over age 50, a key driver of this pain is lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. When the disc between the vertebrae begins to…
Aging is a universal biological process marked by the gradual decline of physiological function across all organ systems. It is driven by a combination of genetic, environmental, and molecular factors that influence the rate of deterioration from birth onward. Although inevitable, scientific progress in regenerative medicine has identified potential ways to mitigate its effects and…
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease marked by abnormal scarring of the tissue surrounding the air sacs. This process thickens and stiffens the lungs, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced oxygen exchange. Current medications, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, can slow disease progression but do not reverse tissue damage. As…
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of regenerative medicine, offering significant therapeutic potential due to their self-renewal, multipotency, and immunomodulatory properties. These nonhematopoietic adult stem cells can differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, including bone, cartilage, and adipose cells, while influencing immune and inflammatory pathways. As part of this review, Han et al. explore…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, gradually destroying memory, learning, and functional independence. Current FDA-approved drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine provide limited symptomatic relief but do not slow the progression of neuronal loss. Antibody therapies that target amyloid plaques have shown inconsistent clinical outcomes. As a result, researchers…
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions, second only to Alzheimer’s. It primarily affects the basal nuclei of the brain, leading to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons and the buildup of abnormal protein clusters called Lewy bodies. Together, these changes cause the classic motor and cognitive symptoms of the disease.…
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease that causes irreversible damage to the alveoli and leads to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Patients with IPF often experience severe difficulty breathing, which can result in respiratory failure and death. The disease is challenging to diagnose, has a high mortality rate, and a median survival of…
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide, affecting over 50 million people each year. It can result from accidents, falls, sports injuries, or violent impacts. TBI can lead to immediate problems like loss of consciousness, confusion, and memory difficulties, and long-term consequences such as cognitive deficits, physical disabilities, speech challenges, and…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, disrupting the way the brain and spinal cord communicate with the rest of the body. Over the years, researchers have developed many treatments that have transformed the outlook for patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the most common form of the disease. Unfortunately,…
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain. It happens when the spinal discs, which act like cushions between the bones of the spine, begin to wear down over time. This process is often part of normal aging, but it can also be influenced by genetics, lifestyle,…
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