Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that can damage many different parts of the body, including the kidneys, lungs, brain, and blood system. Because it can attack so many organs, it often leads to serious illness and even death. For many years, doctors have used medications like corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide (CTX), and mycophenolate…
Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are among the most challenging medical conditions to treat. These disorders involve the gradual breakdown and loss of neurons in specific areas of the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, paralysis, and impaired movement or cognition. Despite decades…
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious outcomes of spinal trauma. It typically leads to either temporary or permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve functions below the affected area and can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Worldwide, approximately 10.5 out of every 100,000 people experience SCI. While modern…
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, causing debilitating symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and difficulty walking. Existing treatments primarily manage symptoms without addressing the underlying causes, highlighting the need for more effective therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising option, demonstrating potential neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative…
Chronic low back pain is a widespread issue, affecting over 600 million people globally. It is a leading cause of disability, with significant social and economic consequences. In the United States alone, nearly 27 million adults experience back problems, with approximately 19 million seeking treatment. Discogenic lower back pain, which originates from the intervertebral discs,…
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that causes severe nerve damage, leading to impaired movement, sensation, and bodily functions. The injury sets off a series of damaging processes, including excessive inflammation, loss of essential nutrients, and scar tissue formation. These factors prevent the regeneration of nerve cells, making recovery difficult. Traditional treatments provide…
Neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) affect millions of people around the world. These conditions often develop slowly and progressively damage the brain and spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty moving, problems with speech, and the inability to perform daily tasks. While…
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to lasting health challenges, impacting motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Recovery from such injuries is particularly difficult due to the central nervous system's limited ability to repair itself. As a result, scientists have turned to stem cell therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a potential solution to help…
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of conditions that occur together, raising the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men and women and is associated with a number of diseases including sleep apnea, liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and hormone-sensitive cancers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies by region and population, but it is…
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a serious condition that affects the hip joint, leading to bone damage and joint problems. The disease occurs when the blood supply to the femoral head (the top part of the thigh bone) is disrupted, leading to small fractures and a failure of the bone to repair itself. …
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