by admin | Apr 30, 2018 | Stem Cell Research
There is no effective cure currently available for inflammatory skin disorders. Because of their ability to impact the immune system and thereby modify inflammatory processes, mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising foundation for developing a treatment for inflammatory skin disorders. A recent review published in the International Journal of Molecular Science described the evidence to date that supports the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of these skin disorders.
According to the authors of the review, their previous work in both clinical and preclinical settings has shown that mesenchymal stem cells are effective in the treatment of one specific major inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. The authors note that other researchers have also found similar results and argue that these consistent findings suggest that mesenchymal stem cells would likely be useful in treating other types of inflammatory dermatosis.
One of the most promising observations related to mesenchymal stem cells and inflammatory skin disorders are the anti-inflammatory effect that mesenchymal stem cells tend to have when implanted. Given that implantation of foreign substances tends to itself enhance inflammation, the reduction in inflammation that is seen following the transplant of mesenchymal stem cells is an impressive illustration of the power of these cells’ anti-inflammatory impact. Based on the research, these cells are able to combat inflammation by modifying activity in the cells of the immune system that cause inflammation.
The authors also point to other ways that mesenchymal stem cells could be used to treat inflammatory skin disorders, such as cell priming. Cell priming refers to the introduction of cells of the immune system to specific antigens so that an immune response will later occur when those cells are re-exposed to the same antigens. This process happens organically within the immune system but can also be used strategically in medicine to modify immune responses.
Based on the evidence put forth in this review, there is substantial evidence to support further exploration of the use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat inflammatory skin conditions. Future research will help scientists and clinicians determine how best to use these cells to improve quality of life for patients with each of these types of skin conditions.
by admin | Mar 26, 2018 | Stem Cell Research
Therapies using stem cells are becoming more and more popular over time, and research is helping to clarify how these types of therapies can help patients. A new review published this year in the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy has provided a comprehensive description of the ways stem cells may be used for plastic and cosmetic surgeries.
Though many different stem cell types have been investigated for their potential to help achieve desired aesthetic results through plastic and cosmetic surgeries, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells appear to be the most promising, based on current research. These types of stem cells are known to produce proteins that become deficient during aging and that are characteristic of youthful, undamaged skin.
Studies have shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can improve the thickness of the skin and increase cellular proliferation and differentiation. These features are not only beneficial for helping with voluntary cosmetic procedures but can also help with wound healing, scar remodeling, fat grafting, and local tissue ischemia.
Adipose tissue offers advantages over other tissues that can provide stem cells, such as bone marrow. For instance, it is easier to retrieve stem cells from adipose tissue than from many other tissues. The cells from adipose tissue also tend not to have to be expanded within a lab, so they can often be used at the same time that they are extracted. This feature of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells makes them convenient to use and can reduce the pain and recovery time patients must endure when undergoing cell-based therapies.
Over time, researchers are likely to recognize the relative advantages of different types of stem cells for cosmetic and plastic surgery purposes. However, at this point, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells appear to provide the greatest opportunity to improve outcomes in these types of procedures.
Find out why Mesenchymal stem cells have regenerative potential by clicking here.
by admin | Mar 20, 2018 | Heart Failure, Stem Cell Research
A recent study, published in Circulation Research, has shown how umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells may help patients who suffer from heart failure. The researchers observed patients with heart failure that was chronic and stable and that presented with reduced ejection fraction. Ejection fraction refers to the percentage of blood that leaves the heart each time the heart contracts and is normally 55% or higher. A reduced ejection fraction can indicate weakness, damage, or other problems.
In their investigation, the scientists aimed to evaluate whether infusing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in this group of heart failure patients is safe – and whether the cells could improve any of the clinical features of heart failure in these patients. To do this, they infused 15 patients with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and used a placebo in 15 other patients. They then tested patients for adverse side effects on the day they underwent infusions, as well as 15 and 90 days after the procedure.
None of the patients who underwent mesenchymal stem cell infusions exhibited adverse side effects over the period of time in which they were observed. Additionally, none of the patients tested positive for antibodies against the stem cells, meaning that the patients’ immune systems were not negatively reacting to the infusions. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that the mesenchymal stem cell transplants were safe for this group of heart failure patients.
The researchers also tested the patients’ cardiac function and quality of life 3, 6, and 12 months after the mesenchymal stem cell infusions. To do so, the scientists used imaging to look at the heart, employed ejection fraction level tests, and implemented what are known as the New York Heart Association functional class and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire.
The scientists’ tests showed that ejection fraction increased in the patients who had undergone mesenchymal stem cell infusions, with the most significant increase apparent at 6-month post-infusion. The patients who had received the placebo treatment, on the other hand, did not show any change in ejection fraction. Functional status and quality of life were also better because of mesenchymal stem cell infusion than placebo. Future studies will help us better understand how we can use these cells to help those with heart failure.
Learn about the regenerative potential of Mesenchymal stem cells here.
by admin | Mar 14, 2018 | Heart Failure, Stem Cell Research
Heart failure is currently treated using pharmacologic interventions that help to control the symptoms of heart failure and slow the process of deterioration. However, these drugs do not stop problematic processes occurring at the cellular level, and so patients using these drugs continue to decline toward end-stage heart failure. Because the progression of heart failure involves things like cardiac remodeling and fibrosis at the cellular level, researchers have reasoned that cell-based therapies may be a promising way to treat heart failure patients. A recent review published in Stem Cells International outlines the rationale for using mesenchymal stem cells to treat heart failure and presents data from relevant clinical trials.
Mesenchymal stem cells are an attractive type of stem cell for both research clinical applications because of their ease of accessibility. These cells can be retrieved from a number of tissues, including fat tissue, heart tissue, umbilical cord tissue, and bone marrow tissue. A number of properties of mesenchymal stem cells also make them a promising therapeutic option for heart failure and other diseases. For instance, they have been shown to reduce inflammation and the initiation of inflammation and to promote the growth of blood vessels. Indeed, it has been suggested that the central process of heart failure is inflammation.
In cardiology, many of the clinical trials that have been performed with mesenchymal stem cells have focused on ischemic heart failure, though there are data demonstrating the promise of these stem cells in both ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. While there are not as many data on the impact of mesenchymal stem cells on non-ischemic heart failure patients, the authors of the review argue that these cells could be even more advantageous in this group of patients (versus those with ischemic heart failure) because the damaged part of the heart still has adequate blood supply in the case of non-ischemic heart failure.
Overall, studies have tended to show that mesenchymal stem cells are a safe option, with little risk for significant adverse side effects. Clinical trials have helped to elucidate the specific ways that mesenchymal stem cells can be used to help with heart failure. Cellular scaffolds, for example, can be used to ensure that the stem cells are able to reach the target area of the heart in enough abundance to have an impact. Future studies will help to clarify the contexts in which these cells can be useful – and how their use can be optimized to help patients.
by admin | Feb 15, 2018 | Stem Cell Research
Mesenchymal stem cells have proved to be one of the most promising stem cell types for regenerative medicine. A recent review has compiled information from studies looking specifically at how these stem cells can be used for regenerative cell therapies.
According to the authors of this review, as part of the effort to characterize mesenchymal stem cell safety and efficacy, 657 clinical trials have been initiated using this type of stem cell. The promise of these cells has led them to be used in clinical trials that aim to regenerate bone and cartilage and to treat diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, and graft-versus-host-disease.
Their utility in this spectrum of diseases demonstrates the broad potential for mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into different types of tissue. They have become known for their ability to differentiate into bone cells. However, these cells can also wrap around blood vessels thereby stabilizing the vessels and supporting their structure. They have been shown to integrate into the outer walls of arteries and microvessels in several organs.
In addition to their differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells from adults also have a good proliferation rate, which is beneficial for tissue regeneration. However, the specific regenerative potential appears to depend on the specific type of tissue from which the stem cells are derived, making some stem cells more useful than others for regeneration.
Other major features of mesenchymal stem cells that make them a promising option for regenerative medicine are their ability to modulate the immune system and their anti-inflammatory characteristics. These properties allow mesenchymal stem cells to improve the treatment of autoimmune diseases that are often characterized by adverse immune reactions, including inflammation.
A newer line of research involving mesenchymal stem cells involves their potential therapeutic application for diabetes. The hope is that the beta cells that are damaged within the pancreas in diabetes could be repaired with mesenchymal stem cells. Future research will help determine the extent to which mesenchymal stem cells can be used for regenerative medicine and will help to optimize the specific treatments that employ these cells.
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