Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a complex, disabling form of multiple sclerosis characterized by the progressive accumulation of central nervous system (CNS) damage. This damage arises from chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal injury, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis, affecting both white and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord. Despite advancements in MS research, effective reparative therapies for reversing the functional impairments associated with PMS remain largely unavailable.
A promising new approach for PMS treatment is NurOwn, a therapy based on mesenchymal stem cell-derived neurotrophic factor (MSC-NTF) cells. NurOwn utilizes a proprietary method to isolate and culture autologous (self-derived) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow. These MSCs are then differentiated to secrete high levels of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), which are believed to have both neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical studies and early clinical trials have suggested that MSC-NTF therapy could help reduce CNS inflammation and promote neuronal repair mechanisms in PMS patients.
Cohen et al.’s open-label phase II study was conducted to evaluate safety/efficacy of three intrathecal cell treatments
Safety and Tolerability of MSC-NTF Therapy
In this Phase II clinical trial (BCT-101), the safety of MSC-NTF therapy was evaluated in 20 participants with PMS, of whom 18 received treatment. While most participants tolerated the therapy well, two discontinued due to adverse events related to the procedure, including mild symptoms such as coldness, muscle weakness, and fever, as well as one case of arachnoiditis -a rare inflammation of the arachnoid membrane surrounding the spinal cord.
For both affected individuals, MRI scans revealed characteristic lumbar nerve root clumping. Treatment with epidural cortisone and analgesics provided symptom relief, with one participant’s symptoms resolving fully. Importantly, there were no recorded deaths or adverse events associated with MS relapses, and no clinically significant alterations were observed in blood, urinalysis, or vital sign parameters after dosing.
According to the authors, these results highlight the potential tolerability of MSC-NTF therapy, though further studies are required to assess long-term safety.
Potential of MSC-NTF Therapy for PMS
NurOwn’s MSC-NTF cells have been tested in animal models relevant to PMS, including studies on autoimmune encephalomyelitis and optic nerve damage, which have shown the therapy’s potential to reduce inflammation and support neuroprotective mechanisms.
Current studies suggest that intrathecal (spinal) administration may offer unique benefits over intravenous administration by directly addressing meningeal inflammation and delivering neurotrophic factors close to the site of CNS damage. The capability of MSC-NTF cells to modulate inflammation and potentially promote endogenous repair makes it a promising therapeutic modality in PMS.
Functional and Biomarker Outcomes
Cohen et al.’s phase II study used several functional outcomes to assess MSC-NTF efficacy in PMS, including the timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (9-HPT), low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA), and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT).
Results indicated positive trends in these measures, suggesting that MSC-NTF therapy could improve mobility, hand function, and cognitive speed in PMS patients. Additionally, patient-reported outcomes, such as the MS Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), demonstrated improvements in walking function.
Biomarker analysis revealed reductions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers, including MCP-1, sCD27, SDF-1, and osteopontin, indicating a decrease in CNS inflammation. Neuroprotective biomarkers, such as VEGF-A, HGF, NCAM1, and LIF, also showed consistent increases, suggesting that MSC-NTF cells might help support neuronal health and function in PMS. However, changes in neurodegenerative biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chain (NfL), were inconsistent, indicating the need for additional research to understand MSC-NTF’s impact on neuronal damage markers.
Insights and Future Directions Of MSC-NTF Therapy for PMS
This open-label, single-arm Phase II study demonstrated that MSC-NTF cells could be safely administered in participants with stable, non-relapsing PMS. Although two participants experienced arachnoiditis following intrathecal treatment, the majority tolerated the therapy well. Functional outcomes showed encouraging trends, suggesting possible benefits of MSC-NTF therapy in improving physical and cognitive function in PMS patients.
The study also highlighted several limitations, including the lack of a placebo-controlled group, which may introduce bias in interpreting efficacy results, and limitations in biomarker analysis due to sample timing. Additionally, inconsistent changes in neurodegenerative biomarkers and the small sample size warrant further investigation.
In summary, this Phase II trial provides preliminary evidence supporting the safety and potential therapeutic benefits of MSC-NTF cell therapy in PMS. While these initial findings are promising, larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm efficacy and further elucidate the role of MSC-NTF cells in modulating CNS inflammation and promoting neuroprotection in PMS.
Source: Cohen JA, Lublin FD, Lock C, et al. Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2023;29(1):92-106. doi:10.1177/13524585221122156
Back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide, impacting people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. In North America, it is one of the top reasons people miss work and visit doctors. Studies show that at least 80% of Americans will experience low back pain at some point in their lives, making it a major contributor to healthcare costs and lost income, amounting to over $50 billion each year. Although various factors can cause back pain, most cases are mechanical rather than due to an underlying disease. One of the main sources of chronic back pain is the degeneration of intervertebral discs, which can lead to pain in the lower back and neck. Despite its prevalence, there is no standard treatment that effectively restores the normal function of these degenerated discs.
Understanding Disc Degeneration and Back Pain
Degenerative disc disease is one of the most significant contributors to chronic low back pain. As intervertebral discs age or become damaged, they lose their ability to cushion the spine, causing pain and reduced mobility. Degeneration can occur naturally due to aging, but other factors like injury or genetic predisposition can also accelerate the process. While imaging tests such as MRIs can identify disc degeneration, they don’t always pinpoint the exact cause of the pain. This makes treating degenerative disc disease challenging, as doctors struggle to find therapies that not only alleviate pain but also restore disc health.
Emerging Stem Cell Therapies for Back Pain
Recently, regenerative medicine, particularly stem cell therapy, has gained attention as a potential treatment for degenerative disc disease. Stem cells have the ability to transform into different types of cells, making them suitable for repairing damaged tissues. In theory, injecting stem cells into degenerated discs could help regenerate disc tissue and reduce pain.
Overview of Clinical Studies
Several clinical studies have examined the potential of stem cell therapies for treating degenerative disc disease, with mixed results. The types of stem cells studied include:
Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): These are derived from a patient’s own body, often from bone marrow or fat tissue. Some studies reported a reduction in pain and improvement in quality of life following treatment with MSCs. However, results were inconsistent, and improvements did not always correspond to measurable changes in the disc’s structure.
Allogenic stem cells: These are stem cells from donors’ umbilical cord tissue. Research on allogenic stem cells is still limited, with few studies showing significant long-term benefits.
Chondrocytes: These cells, which produce cartilage, have also been used in some studies to promote disc regeneration. However, there is limited evidence supporting their use, and more research is needed.
Overall, the studies reviewed had varying degrees of success, with some patients experiencing significant pain relief and others seeing little to no improvement. Many studies lacked control groups or were not randomized, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The most common outcomes measured were pain scores and functional improvements, but there was no clear evidence that stem cell therapy restored the physical structure of degenerated discs.
How Stem Cells Might Work
There are several theories about how stem cells could help regenerate damaged discs. One possibility is that stem cells differentiate into the type of cells needed to repair the disc, such as cells that produce cartilage or other supportive tissues. Another theory is that stem cells create a supportive environment that encourages the body’s own repair mechanisms. For example, animal studies have shown that stem cells can increase the production of molecules that help repair and strengthen disc tissue.
The Future of Stem Cell Therapy for Back Pain
Soufi et al. report that stem cell therapy remains a promising area of research for treating degenerative disc disease. Ongoing clinical trials aim to establish the safety and effectiveness of these treatments in humans, and if successful, could pave the way for a new approach to managing chronic back pain. For stem cell therapy to become a standard treatment, more studies are needed to identify which patients are most likely to benefit and to optimize treatment protocols, including the type and dosage of stem cells.
Researchers are also exploring the use of tissue-engineering technologies and biomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of stem cell therapies. Combining stem cells with supportive scaffolds could improve the chances of successful disc regeneration and provide a more stable environment for cell growth.
The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease and Back Pain
Back pain, particularly when related to degenerative disc disease, is a significant health issue with limited effective treatment options. Stem cell therapy represents a new frontier in regenerative medicine, with the potential to offer relief to patients who have not responded to traditional therapies.
Source: Soufi, K.H.; Castillo, J.A.; Rogdriguez, F.Y.; DeMesa, C.J.; Ebinu, J.O. Potential Role for Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy as a Treatment for Degenerative Disc Disease and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 8893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108893
The onset of autoimmune diseases is related to unbalanced immune homeostasis and leads to the injury and failure of several organ specific tissues. Currently estimated to affect 8-10% of the population, these autoimmune diseases are associated with serious impairment, high mortality rate, and significant medical costs.
The discovery of stem cells, and specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has created new opportunities for accelerating tissue regeneration. MSCs possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a wide range of cell types that fill a critical role in immunomodulation and regenerative therapy.
In this review, Jasim et al. share the latest research on the efficiency and feasibility of MSCs in the clinical treatment of several autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and Sjogren’s syndrome.
To date, most of these autoimmune disorders have been treated with a number of conventional drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, with many of these conditions, these drugs have been observed to contribute to liver injury, gastrointestinal injury, kidney side effects, BM suppression, and psychological disorders, making the development of new and safe therapeutic approaches an important issue. This has led to significant interest in exploring the potential benefits of MSC therapy in treating autoimmune diseases.
MSCs are easily collected from a variety of sources, including umbilical cord (UC), Wharton’s jelly (WJ), adipose tissue, bone marrow (BM), teeth and menstrual fluid. Research has demonstrated that MSCs regulate their local environment, cellular communications, and the release of several factors. MSCs are also able to migrate and differentiate into damaged tissue and can release growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, which assists in improving tissue regeneration.
The research evaluated by the authors as part of this review, coupled with MSC’s high proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation capacity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and regenerative potential, led to the conclusion that there was no remarkable association between mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) and tumor and infection with the treatment determined to be safe and feasible.
Jasim et al. also concluded that there is still a lack of understanding of the specific mechanisms through which the MSCT ameliorates these various autoimmune diseases that must be addressed as a way to enhance the future clinical use of MSCs.
Source: Jasim SA, Yumashev AV, Abdelbasset WK, et al. Shining the light on clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):101. Published 2022 Mar 7. doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02782-7
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that affects the central nervous system, leading to a variety of symptoms that can disrupt daily life. At Stemedix, we focus on providing innovative stem cell therapy for MS, offering a potential pathway to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Recognizing the early warning signs of multiple sclerosis, such as fatigue, numbness, and difficulty with coordination, is essential for individuals to seek timely care. Stem cell treatments for multiple sclerosis are being studied as a potential way to address underlying damage to the nervous system by promoting healing and repair. However, they remain experimental and are not yet FDA-approved for MS treatment. With stem cell therapy, there’s hope for improving function, reducing inflammation, and potentially slowing disease progression. If you’re looking for a solution to help manage MS, exploring the potential of stem cell therapy may offer a new opportunity for a healthier, more comfortable life.
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune illness that primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. It happens when the immune system of the body unintentionally targets healthy tissue, particularly the myelin sheath, which is the protective layer that envelops nerve fibers and makes sure that electrical signals are effectively transmitted from the brain to the body’s other organs. When MS develops, this protective layer becomes damaged, leading to communication problems between the brain and other parts of the body.
As the myelin sheath breaks down, the underlying nerve fibers become exposed and more vulnerable to further damage. Over time, scarring from this damage may occur, interfering with the nerves’ normal electrical impulse flow. This disruption in nerve function is what leads to the various symptoms of MS, such as muscle weakness, vision problems, numbness, balance issues, and cognitive changes. Depending on the area of the central nervous system that is impacted, the intensity and nature of symptoms differ significantly from person to person.
The progression of MS can be unpredictable. Some people experience only mild symptoms that may come and go, while others face more severe challenges, including progressive disability. MS can develop in episodes of flare-ups, followed by periods of remission, during which symptoms may lessen or stabilize. However, over time, some individuals may experience a steady decline in their neurological function.
At Stemedix, we understand how difficult it can be to cope with MS and the impact it has on daily life. We are committed to providing you with the information and resources you need to manage your symptoms better and explore potential treatments, such as stem cell therapy, to improve your quality of life. Understanding the nature of MS is the first step in taking control of your health and considering viable treatment options that can help you live a more comfortable, fulfilling life despite the challenges MS presents.
Early Warning Signs of Multiple Sclerosis
Recognizing the early warning signs of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can play a pivotal role in early diagnosis and intervention. While the symptoms of MS vary from person to person, there are several common physical, cognitive, and other signs that you should be aware of. Understanding these early symptoms will help you better assess your health and seek medical attention if necessary.
Physical Symptoms
Muscle Weakness or Spasms: One of the earliest indicators of MS is unexplained muscle weakness. This may present as a general feeling of fatigue or muscle stiffness, and you might find it increasingly difficult to perform routine tasks. Muscle spasms, which can be painful, often occur as a result of nerve damage, affecting coordination and movement.
Difficulty Walking and Maintaining Balance: MS can impact your ability to walk properly due to coordination issues. You may find yourself stumbling, dragging a leg, or feeling unsteady on your feet. Balance problems are common and can make it harder to perform activities that require walking or standing for extended periods.
Numbness or Tingling in the Limbs: Another common symptom in the early stages of MS is the sensation of numbness or tingling, often referred to as “pins and needles.” This sensation typically occurs in the arms, legs, or face and can be uncomfortable, signaling potential nerve involvement.
Cognitive and Visual Symptoms
Issues with Coordination and Concentration: MS may lead to difficulties with coordination, making movements appear unsteady or awkward. You may also notice issues with concentration, such as struggling to focus on tasks, follow conversations, or remember things that were once easy to retain.
Blurry Vision or Vision Loss: Vision problems are a hallmark symptom of MS. You may experience blurred or double vision or even partial vision loss. This occurs when the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, becomes inflamed due to MS. Vision issues often arise suddenly and may worsen during flare-ups.
Cognitive Changes or Memory Issues: In addition to physical symptoms, MS can also affect your cognitive abilities. You might experience problems with memory, difficulty finding the right words in conversations, or challenges with problem-solving and decision-making. Cognitive changes are common as the disease progresses, affecting day-to-day functioning.
Other Symptoms
Fatigue and Bladder Dysfunction: Chronic fatigue is a pervasive symptom for many people with MS, often worse than typical tiredness. It can interfere with daily activities and may leave you feeling drained or exhausted, even after a good night’s sleep. Bladder dysfunction, such as frequent urination or difficulty fully emptying the bladder, is another common issue. This can be a result of nerve damage affecting the urinary system.
Dizziness and Heat Sensitivity: Many individuals with MS report feelings of dizziness or vertigo. The sensation of spinning or loss of balance may happen suddenly, particularly when standing or moving quickly. Sensitivity to heat is another common issue—heat can worsen symptoms, a phenomenon known as Uhthoff’s phenomenon. This occurs when elevated body temperature temporarily worsens neurological function.
While these early warning signs are not exclusive to MS, their presence warrants attention, especially when they persist or worsen over time. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, seeking medical advice is vital for timely diagnosis and intervention.
How Stem Cell Therapy Can Help Manage Multiple Sclerosis
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for individuals living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Through its regenerative capabilities, stem cell therapy may offer new hope for slowing disease progression and improving quality of life. Let’s explore how stem cell therapy for MS can help in the management of MS and the potential benefits it holds for patients.
What is Stem Cell Therapy?
Stem cell therapy explores the potential of using stem cells to support the repair or replacement of damaged tissues. However, the mechanisms remain under investigation, particularly in the context of multiple sclerosis. Stem cells are a great option for repairing damaged tissues, including nerve cells, because of their exceptional ability to differentiate into different cell types. In MS treatment, stem cell therapy can target the damaged myelin sheath, which is essential for proper nerve function. This ability to regenerate and repair tissue is central to the potential of stem cell therapy in treating MS.
The two main stem cell types used in MS therapy are autologous and allogeneic. Autologous stem cells, harvested from the patient’s own body (usually from adipose tissue or bone marrow), significantly lower the risk of immune rejection compared to donor cells. However, complications like infection or improper cell differentiation remain potential risks. The procedure involves harvesting, processing, and reintroducing the stem cells back into the patient’s system.
Allogeneic stem cells, on the other hand, come from a donor and are carefully matched to minimize the risk of rejection. Both types of stem cell therapies have shown potential in repairing damaged tissues and regenerating nerve function.
How Stem Cells Help in MS Treatment
Repairing the Myelin Sheath: In MS, the immune system unintentionally targets the myelin sheath, which protects nerve fibers. This damage impairs brain-body communication and results in symptoms like cognitive decline, muscle weakness, and vision problems. Stem cells are being studied for their potential to promote the regeneration of the myelin sheath, which could help restore nerve function and slow disease progression. However, these outcomes have not yet been conclusively demonstrated in clinical practice.
Immune Modulation and Reducing Inflammation: One of the underlying mechanisms of MS is inflammation, which leads to further damage to the myelin sheath and nerve cells. With their immuno-modulatory qualities, stem cells can help control the immune system, lower inflammation, and shield healthy tissues from more harm. By affecting the immune response, stem cell therapy may lessen the frequency and intensity of MS flare-ups.
Potential for Nerve Regeneration and Slowing Disease Progression: Stem cells also have the potential to regenerate nerve cells and support nerve tissue repair. In MS, nerve damage is a leading cause of physical and cognitive impairments. By promoting nerve regeneration, stem cells may help slow disease progression and potentially restore lost function. While the full extent of nerve regeneration in MS remains a subject of ongoing research, early studies show promising results.
Potential Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy for MS Patients
Reduction in Muscle Pain and Spasms
Muscle spasms and pain are common symptoms of MS, often caused by nerve damage. Stem cell therapy for MS may help reduce these symptoms by repairing damaged nerves and supporting the body’s natural healing processes. Many patients report a significant decrease in muscle pain and spasms after undergoing stem cell treatments for multiple sclerosis, improving their overall comfort and mobility.
Improvement in Coordination, Balance, and Energy
Coordination and balance issues are major challenges for individuals with MS, impacting their ability to perform daily activities. By regenerating nerve tissue and promoting myelin repair, stem cell therapy has the potential to improve motor function, coordination, and balance. Many patients also experience increased energy levels, as stem cell therapy helps restore nerve function and reduce fatigue.
Restoration of Bladder Function and Sensory Improvements
Bladder dysfunction is a common issue for MS patients, often leading to incontinence or difficulty fully emptying the bladder. Stem cell therapy may help restore bladder function by regenerating nerve pathways involved in urinary control. Additionally, sensory improvements such as the reduction of numbness or tingling in the limbs have been reported by some patients following treatment, enhancing overall quality of life.
Stem cell therapy shows the potential to improve the quality of life for some individuals with multiple sclerosis by managing symptoms and influencing disease progression. However, it remains experimental, and results vary among patients. At Stemedix, we offer personalized evaluations and treatment plans to help MS patients understand their options and determine if stem cell therapy could benefit them. By addressing the underlying causes of MS and leveraging the body’s regenerative capabilities, stem cell therapy may offer a brighter future for those living with this condition.
How Stemedix is Leading the Way in Stem Cell Therapy for MS
At Stemedix, we understand the challenges of living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the importance of offering personalized, compassionate care. As a leader in the field of regenerative medicine, we are committed to providing effective stem cell therapy that not only aims to alleviate symptoms but also addresses the underlying causes of MS. Through an integrated approach that emphasizes safety, transparency, and advanced treatments, Stemedix is at the forefront of improving the lives of MS patients.
Personalized Care at Stemedix
At Stemedix, we recognize that every patient’s journey with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unique. That’s why we provide personalized, full-service care designed to ensure a seamless and stress-free treatment experience. From the moment you reach out, our dedicated care coordinators are here to guide you every step of the way, addressing your questions and ensuring you feel informed and supported throughout the process.
To enhance your comfort and convenience, our all-inclusive service covers airport pickup, hotel accommodations, and transportation to and from appointments. We also provide essential mobility and comfort aids, including wheelchairs, toilet chairs, and shower chairs—all at no additional cost. Patients are only responsible for their flight and food expenses; we take care of everything else.
Our team comprises highly skilled, board-certified providers specializing in regenerative medicine. They stay at the forefront of MS research and stem cell therapy advancements, ensuring that we offer the most effective, science-backed treatments available.
For those considering stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis, we follow a structured, step-by-step process, including initial consultations, treatment preparation, post-treatment monitoring, and ongoing support. Our goal is to provide world-class care, instill confidence at every stage, and offer an exceptional treatment experience to help patients regain their quality of life.
Why Choose Stemedix for Stem Cell Therapy
When selecting a provider for stem cell therapy, it is essential to choose a clinic that prioritizes patient safety, ethical practices, and transparency. At Stemedix, we adhere to the highest standards of care to make sure that you receive treatment in a safe and supportive environment. We believe in transparent pricing, eliminating the risk of unexpected costs. Our team takes the time to thoroughly discuss your treatment plan so you understand your options and what to expect at every stage of the process.
Stemedix combines expertise in stem cell therapy with the latest advancements in regenerative medicine, making us an ideal choice for MS patients. We are dedicated to staying informed on the latest research and techniques to offer the most effective treatments available. Our compassionate approach, coupled with our commitment to innovation, guarantees that you receive the best care possible. We are proud to be a trusted partner in your journey toward managing MS and improving your quality of life.
Take the Next Step in Managing Multiple Sclerosis
At Stemedix, based in Saint Petersburg, FL, we provide more than just treatments; we offer an extensive journey toward better health and improved quality of life for those living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Taking the next step in managing your MS is a significant decision, and we’re here to guide and support you. With personalized care, expert knowledge, and a commitment to regenerative medicine, we offer you the opportunity to explore the potential benefits of stem cell therapy.
Schedule a Consultation with Stemedix
The first step toward exploring stem cell therapy is as simple as reaching out to us. Our team is ready to provide you with the necessary information to make an informed decision. During your initial consultation, we will take time to listen to your concerns, review your current health, and determine whether stem cell therapy is a suitable option for you. We are committed to transparency, so feel free to ask about the process, benefits, and any other concerns.
What to Expect During the Consultation Process
Throughout the consultation, we focus on understanding your unique needs. We will review your medical history, MS symptoms, and treatment goals to recommend the most appropriate stem cell therapy approach. You will also receive a clear explanation of what to expect throughout the process, from treatment timelines to expected outcomes, ensuring you can make confident, informed decisions.
During the entire treatment journey, our care coordinators and providers will be with you every step of the way. Whether you need guidance on treatment plans, assistance with scheduling, or emotional support, we’re dedicated to helping you achieve the best possible outcome. At Stemedix, you are receiving not only advanced care but also compassionate and personalized support.
Stemedix: A New Path to Managing Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a complex condition that can seriously impact various aspects of daily life. Recognizing the early warning signs of multiple sclerosis and understanding how the disease progresses are key to making informed decisions about managing it. Exploring treatments such as stem cell therapy for MS can offer a new path to improve quality of life, with the potential to repair nerve damage, reduce inflammation, and slow disease progression. Stem cell treatments for multiple sclerosis provide hope for those living with MS, offering a promising alternative to traditional therapies. At Stemedix, we believe in personalized care tailored to each patient’s unique needs. If you’re dealing with MS, it’s vital to consider all available treatment options. Our team is here to support you throughout your journey, providing expert guidance and advanced regenerative medicine solutions. Schedule a consultation with Stemedix by calling (727) 456-8968 or emailing us at yourjourney@stemedix.com. We’re here to provide the care and support you need to take control of your health and live a more comfortable life.
Osteoarthritis (OA) continues to be the most common form of degenerative joint disease in the United States and around the world.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 528 million people worldwide were living with osteoarthritis (OA) in 2019, which is an increase of 113% since 1990. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 found that 595 million people had OA in 2020, which is 7.6% of the global population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that over 32.5 million adults in the U.S. currently live with OA.
Despite the tremendous increase in the global incidence of OA, there are no effective pharmaceutical therapies that are able to restore the original structure and function of damaged articular cartilage.
Considering this, cell-based therapies for OA and other orthopedic disorders have become a primary area of current research and development.
In this review, Mobasheri et al. focus on the structure and function of articular cartilage, the pathogenesis of OA, and explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using cell-based therapies that utilize chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Articular cartilage (AC) has demonstrated a very poor ability to repair and regenerate. Being largely avascular and containing no blood vessels, AC lacks the blood flow required in the biological repair response process.
Overtime, and with age, cartilage loses its already limited capacity for repair and damaged cartilage is typically replaced by fibrocartilage-like scar tissue. With no successful surgical technique demonstrating success in stimulating AC repair and regeneration, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has emerged as one of the most widely used cell-based repair strategies for articular cartilage. Performed on over 12,000 patients worldwide, ACI has encouraged the growth of durable cartilage-like tissue and demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce pain in patients.
Recent studies have also demonstrated that the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are able to be exploited for the treatment of many inflammatory and rheumatic conditions, including OA. Specifically, the ability of MSCs to migrate to the site of an injury, induce peripheral tolerance, and inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been observed to promote tissue repair and the survival of damaged cells.
Considering these advances, Mobasheri et al. report that tissue engineering with chondrocytes and MSCs is now considered to be a promising way of repairing articular cartilage lesions. While there is significant evidence of the potential of these cell-based therapeutic treatment options, the authors also point out fundamental weaknesses associated with the models available to date.
Included among these weaknesses is the fact that none of the engineered tissue currently available possess the normal zonal organization of chondrocytes observed in vitro and considered to be the prerequisite for normal cartilage function and for the success of any future clinical application.
While there are still weaknesses associated with tissue utilizing engineering and cell-based therapies to repair cartilage in OA and other orthopedic conditions that require further research, the authors conclude that these emerging therapeutic options hold tremendous promise for managing OA in the future.
Source: Ali Mobasheri, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Giuseppe Musumeci, Mark E. Batt,
Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis and related orthopaedic conditions, Maturitas,Volume 78, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 188-198, ISSN 0378-5122.
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