Peer Reviews

Explore Stemedix articles that include peer review notes and medically reviewed educational content.

Doctor discussing a brain scan with an adult patient

September 9, 2026

Literature Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Signaling in Neuroinflammation

Neurodegenerative Diseases, Stem Cell Research, Studies

Reviewed Evidence Reviewed Study 1: Exosomes Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Remyelination and Reduce Neuroinflammation in the Demyelinating Central Nervous System Authors: Zhang J, Buller BA, Zhang ZG, et al. Publication & Date: Experimental Neurology. 2022;347:113895. DOI / Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113895 | PubMed Reviewed Study 2: Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes…

Biomedical illustration of neurological research involving mesenchymal stem cells

August 24, 2026

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neurological Disorders: Understanding Their Potential for Brain and Nerve Repair

Neurodegenerative Diseases, Stem Cell Research, Studies

Scientific Study Review Featured Article: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neurological Disorders Original article: Read the original study review on PubMed Central Neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury can damage cells and connections within the brain and spinal cord. Because the central nervous system…

August 17, 2026

Beyond Dopamine: Stem Cells for Multiple Sclerosis Remyelination and Neural Repair in Parkinson’s

Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson’s Disease, Stem Cell Research

A peer-reviewed review of mesenchymal stromal cell signaling, remyelination research in multiple sclerosis, and neural protection studies in Parkinson’s disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells interacting with immune cells in autoimmune disease research — Illustration of mesenchymal stem cells interacting with immune cells.

August 10, 2026

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Autoimmune Disease

Autoimmune, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Studies

Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are driven by complex changes in immune regulation. Standard treatments can reduce disease activity, but many conditions remain difficult to control and may require long-term immunosuppression. A peer-reviewed review published in Frontiers in Immunology examines how mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) interact with the immune system and why they are being studied…

Biomedical illustration of mesenchymal stem cells modulating inflammation in COPD and lupus research

August 3, 2026

Literature Review: How Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Systemic Inflammation in COPD and Lupus

Autoimmune, COPD, Lupus, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Studies

Published: August 2026 | Category: Autoimmune & Respiratory Research Reviewed Evidence Reviewed Study 1: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COPD Authors: Weiss DJ, Casaburi R, Flannery R, LeRoux-Williams M, Tashkin DP Publication & Date: Chest. 2013;143(6):1590-1598. DOI / Link: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-2094 | PubMed Reviewed Study 2: Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Infusions…

3D illustration of blue stem cells in a transparent sphere with a syringe and DNA helix, titled "Regenerative Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease" — Regenerative Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease Blog Banner | Stemedix

May 18, 2026

Enhancing Mobility and Motor Skills After Regenerative Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease

Improving mobility and motor skills after regenerative therapy for Parkinson’s disease often begins with clear education, guided planning, and realistic expectations. At Stemedix, we help you review available options through a structured process designed for patients with an existing diagnosis. Many people seeking support want to better manage movement changes linked to Parkinson’s disease symptoms…

Medical illustration of human body highlighting brain and nervous system affected by Parkinson’s disease — Parkinson’s Disease Nervous System Impact | Stemedix

April 25, 2026

Understanding the Cellular Changes in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential of Regenerative Therapy

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease affects movement by changing how brain cells communicate, especially those responsible for dopamine production. At Stemedix, we work with individuals and families to help them understand these changes through structured clinical review and education. These cellular changes often lead to symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and slowed movement. Regenerative therapy for Parkinson’s disease…

Understanding Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) — 25-10-08-DegenerativeDiscDisease-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 25, 2025

Understanding Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)

Degenerative Disc Disease

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Degenerative Disc Disease? stem cell therapy for degenerative disc disease (DDD) occurs when the spinal discs, the soft, cushion-like pads between vertebrae, begin to lose hydration, elasticity, and height.As discs deteriorate, they absorb less shock, which can lead to pain, stiffness,…

Understanding Type 1 Diabetes — 25-10-08-Type1Diabetes-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 25, 2025

Understanding Type 1 Diabetes

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic stem cell therapy for autoimmune conditions in which the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.Without enough insulin, glucose (blood sugar) cannot enter the body’s cells to produce…

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes & Metabolic Regeneration — 25-10-08-Type-2-Diabetes-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 25, 2025

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes & Metabolic Regeneration

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to insulin, the hormone that moves glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into cells for energy.Over time, the pancreas may also produce less insulin, leading…

Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) — 25-10-08-TraumaticBrainInjury-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 25, 2025

Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Traumatic Brain Injury

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is a Traumatic Brain Injury? A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden blow, jolt, or penetrating injury disrupts the brain’s normal function. Injury severity can range from mild (such as a concussion) to severe, and symptoms may appear immediately or…

Understanding Transverse Myelitis (TM) — 25-10-08-TransverseMyelitis-WebsiteContent-CHANGE-Study | Stemedix

October 24, 2025

Understanding Transverse Myelitis (TM)

Transverse Myelitis

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Transverse Myelitis? Transverse Myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition in which inflammation affects both sides of a segment of the spinal cord.This inflammation can damage the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin), interrupting communication between the brain and body. Symptoms…

A doctor showing feet anatomy — 25-10-08 TendonInjuries(Tendinopathy)-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 24, 2025

Understanding Tendon Injuries

Tendon Injuries

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Are Tendon Injuries? Tendons are strong, flexible cords that connect your muscles to your bones, helping your body move smoothly and efficiently.When a tendon becomes overworked, irritated, or torn, it can lead to pain, stiffness, and swelling, a condition often referred to…

Sports & Athletic Injury — 25-10-08-SportsAthleticInjury-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 24, 2025

Sports & Athletic Injury

Sports & Athletic Injury

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 A Closer Look at Sports & Athletic Injuries Staying active keeps the body strong, but when training intensity, fatigue, or repetitive motion exceed the body’s limits, injury can occur.Sports and exercise injuries may happen suddenly (acute) or develop gradually over time (chronic), especially…

A guy doing resistance training with his doctor — 25-10-08 SpinalCordInjury-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 24, 2025

Understanding Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)

Spinal Cord Injury

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is a Spinal Cord Injury? A stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when trauma or disease disrupts the communication between the brain and the rest of the body.This damage can result from accidents, falls, infections, or tumors, and depending…

What’s Behind Shoulder Pain? — 25-10-08-ShoulderPain-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 24, 2025

What’s Behind Shoulder Pain?

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Why Shoulders Hurt Your shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, which makes it incredibly useful, but also prone to injury, strain, and degeneration.Pain can start suddenly after an injury or gradually from overuse, inflammation, or age-related wear.…

Understanding Rotator Cuff Injuries — 25-10-08-RotatorCuffInjuries-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 23, 2025

Understanding Rotator Cuff Injuries

Rotator Cuff Injuries

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is a Rotator Cuff Injury? Your rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize your shoulder and allow you to lift, reach, and rotate your arm.Because it’s constantly in use and subject to wear, this structure is especially…

Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) — 25-10-08-RheumatoidArthritis-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 23, 2025

Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? regenerative medicine for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic stem cell therapy for autoimmune conditions where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own joint tissue.This inflammation primarily affects the synovial lining, the soft membrane surrounding joints, leading to…

doctor injecting her patient — 25-10-08 PRPTherapy-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 23, 2025

What Is PRP Therapy?

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Understanding Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy is an advanced regenerative treatment that uses your own blood to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes. After a quick blood draw, the sample is spun in a centrifuge to separate and concentrate the…

Understanding Lupus — 25-10-08-Lupus-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 23, 2025

Understanding Lupus

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Lupus? Lupus is a chronic stem cell therapy for autoimmune conditions that can affect nearly any organ in the body.When the immune system, which normally protects against infection, starts attacking healthy tissues, widespread inflammation and tissue damage can occur. The most…

Understanding What’s Happening with Your Knee — 25-10-08-KneeInjuries-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 23, 2025

Understanding What’s Happening with Your Knee

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Why Knee Pain Happens Your knee joint is one of the body’s most complex and hard-working joints — where your thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia), and kneecap (patella) meet, supported by strong ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.Because it absorbs so much pressure during daily movement,…

Getting to Know Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) — 25-10-08-InflammatoryBowelDisease-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 22, 2025

Getting to Know Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Understanding IBD stem cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive tract.The two primary types are: Common Symptoms Triggers can vary from person to person, stress, infections, or dietary sensitivities often play a role. IBD…

Understanding What Causes Hip Pain — 25-10-08-HipPain-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 22, 2025

Understanding What Causes Hip Pain

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Hip Pain and Why Does It Happen? The hip joint is one of the body’s largest weight-bearing structures, a ball-and-socket design built to handle movement, rotation, and constant pressure.When injury, inflammation, or degeneration affects this area, even simple activities such as…

Two woman talking — 25-10-08 FemaleWellness-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 22, 2025

Supporting Women’s Health, Naturally

Female Wellness

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Understanding Women’s Health and Hormonal Balance Women’s health evolves through different life stages, from fertility and pregnancy to perimenopause, menopause, and beyond.Hormonal shifts, stress, and environmental factors can influence energy, mood, libido, metabolism, and overall vitality. Common concerns include: Modern lifestyles often disrupt…

Old guy talking with a woman — 25-10-08 ErectileDysfunction-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 22, 2025

Understanding Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Erectile Dysfunction, Regenerative Medicine

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Erectile Dysfunction? regenerative medicine for erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common men’s-health condition in which it becomes difficult to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual activity.While occasional difficulty is normal, persistent ED can affect confidence, relationships, and quality…

Understanding Crohn’s Disease — 25-10-08-Crohn_sDisease-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 22, 2025

Understanding Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s Disease

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Crohn’s Disease? Crohn’s disease is a chronic stem cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease disease (IBD) that causes ongoing inflammation anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract — most often the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine.This inflammation can…

Understanding Wrist & Hand Pain — 25-10-08-Understanding-Wrist-Hand-Pain | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Wrist & Hand Pain

Wrist & Hand Pain

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Causes Wrist & Hand Pain? Your wrists and hands contain a complex network of joints, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that allow for precise movement and strength. Because they’re used constantly, typing, lifting, gripping, they’re also prone to strain, inflammation, and degeneration over…

Understanding Post-Stroke Syndrome — 25-10-08-PostStrokeSyndrome-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Post-Stroke Syndrome

Post-Stroke Syndrome

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Post-Stroke Syndrome? Post-Stroke Syndrome refers to the lasting physical, cognitive, and emotional effects that can occur after a stroke.While some people recover rapidly, others may experience ongoing challenges that persist for months or even years. Common Symptoms Include: These symptoms vary…

Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy — 25-10-08-PeripheralNeuropathy-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral Neuropathy

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Peripheral Neuropathy? Peripheral neuropathy occurs when the peripheral nerves, the network that carries signals between your brain, spinal cord, and the rest of your body, become damaged or dysfunctional.These nerves control sensation, movement, and involuntary functions such as blood pressure, digestion,…

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease — 25-10-08-Parkinson_sDisease-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Parkinson’s Disease? stem cell therapy for Parkinson disease’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance, and coordination.It occurs when the brain’s dopamine-producing neurons, located in an area called the substantia nigra, break down over time. Dopamine acts as…

Understanding Osteoarthritis — 25-10-08-Osteoarthritis-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Osteoarthritis

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Osteoarthritis? stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis.It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually breaks down. As this smooth surface wears away, bones begin to rub together, leading to…

Understanding Musculoskeletal Injury — 25-10-08-MusculoskeletalInjury-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Musculoskeletal Injury

Musculoskeletal Injury

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Do We Mean by “Musculoskeletal Injury”? regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal injuries (MSK) injuries affect the body’s muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.They may happen suddenly, like twisting an ankle, or develop gradually from repetitive strain or overuse. Common Examples Include: Because these tissues…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Understanding, Current Treatments, and Regenerative Research — 25-10-08-MultipleSclerosis-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Understanding, Current Treatments, and Regenerative Research

Multiple Sclerosis

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Multiple Sclerosis? stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system (CNS), primarily the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, the protective covering around…

Men’s Wellness & Hormone Optimization — 25-10-08-MensWellness-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Men’s Wellness & Hormone Optimization

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Understanding Men’s Health and Hormone Balance Men’s health and vitality rely on a delicate balance of hormones, circulation, and cellular function.As testosterone levels naturally decline, often starting in the 30s, many men notice changes in energy, mood, strength, metabolism, and sexual performance. Common…

Understanding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) — 25-10-08-COPD-Chronic-Inflammation-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is COPD? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term condition that causes progressive breathing difficulty. It develops when inflammation, excess mucus, and airway narrowing make it harder for air to move in and out of the lungs. COPD is an umbrella…

Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) — 25-10-08-AnkylosingSpondylitis-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Ankylosing Spondylitis? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints, which connect the spine to the hips.It often begins with stiffness or pain in the lower back — especially noticeable in…

Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline — 25-10-08-AlzheimersDiseaseCognitiveDecline-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline

Alzheimer’s Disease, Cognitive Decline, Uncategorized

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is Alzheimer’s Disease? Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, a progressive condition that affects memory, reasoning, and daily function. It begins subtly — with mild forgetfulness and disorientation — and gradually impacts independence, communication, and overall quality of…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Regenerative Medicine Research — 25-10-08-ALS-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Regenerative Medicine Research

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 What Is ALS? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. These motor neurons control voluntary muscles involved in movement, speech, and breathing. As these neurons…

Regenerative Medicine for Age Management — 25-10-08-AgeManagement-WebsiteContent | Stemedix

October 21, 2025

Regenerative Medicine for Age Management

Peer Review: Dr. Gerald Mastaw, MD – Board-Certified PhysicianLast Updated: October 2025 Understanding the Science of Aging Aging is a gradual, lifelong process that begins earlier than most realize often as early as your 20s. Over time, every organ and tissue experiences cellular wear and reduced regenerative capacity. These microscopic changes can influence how we…